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<div class="section" id="module-email.contentmanager">
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<span id="email-contentmanager-managing-mime-content"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-email.contentmanager" title="email.contentmanager: Storing and Retrieving Content from MIME Parts"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.contentmanager</span></code></a>: Managing MIME Content<a class="headerlink" href="#module-email.contentmanager" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.7/Lib/email/contentmanager.py">Lib/email/contentmanager.py</a></p>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<div class="versionadded">
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<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.6: </span><a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id2" id="id1">1</a></p>
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</div>
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<dl class="class">
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<dt id="email.contentmanager.ContentManager">
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<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">email.contentmanager.</code><code class="descname">ContentManager</code><a class="headerlink" href="#email.contentmanager.ContentManager" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Base class for content managers. Provides the standard registry mechanisms
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to register converters between MIME content and other representations, as
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well as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_content</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_content</span></code> dispatch methods.</p>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="email.contentmanager.ContentManager.get_content">
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<code class="descname">get_content</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>msg</em>, <em>*args</em>, <em>**kw</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#email.contentmanager.ContentManager.get_content" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Look up a handler function based on the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mimetype</span></code> of <em>msg</em> (see next
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paragraph), call it, passing through all arguments, and return the result
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of the call. The expectation is that the handler will extract the
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payload from <em>msg</em> and return an object that encodes information about
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the extracted data.</p>
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<p>To find the handler, look for the following keys in the registry,
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stopping with the first one found:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li><p>the string representing the full MIME type (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maintype/subtype</span></code>)</p></li>
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<li><p>the string representing the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maintype</span></code></p></li>
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<li><p>the empty string</p></li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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<p>If none of these keys produce a handler, raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> for the
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full MIME type.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="email.contentmanager.ContentManager.set_content">
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<code class="descname">set_content</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>msg</em>, <em>obj</em>, <em>*args</em>, <em>**kw</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#email.contentmanager.ContentManager.set_content" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maintype</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multipart</span></code>, raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>; otherwise
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look up a handler function based on the type of <em>obj</em> (see next
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paragraph), call <a class="reference internal" href="email.message.html#email.message.EmailMessage.clear_content" title="email.message.EmailMessage.clear_content"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clear_content()</span></code></a> on the
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<em>msg</em>, and call the handler function, passing through all arguments. The
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expectation is that the handler will transform and store <em>obj</em> into
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<em>msg</em>, possibly making other changes to <em>msg</em> as well, such as adding
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various MIME headers to encode information needed to interpret the stored
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data.</p>
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<p>To find the handler, obtain the type of <em>obj</em> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typ</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">type(obj)</span></code>), and
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look for the following keys in the registry, stopping with the first one
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found:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li><p>the type itself (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typ</span></code>)</p></li>
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<li><p>the type’s fully qualified name (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typ.__module__</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">'.'</span> <span class="pre">+</span>
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<span class="pre">typ.__qualname__</span></code>).</p></li>
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<li><p>the type’s qualname (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typ.__qualname__</span></code>)</p></li>
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<li><p>the type’s name (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typ.__name__</span></code>).</p></li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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<p>If none of the above match, repeat all of the checks above for each of
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the types in the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-mro"><span class="xref std std-term">MRO</span></a> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">typ.__mro__</span></code>). Finally, if no other key
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yields a handler, check for a handler for the key <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. If there is
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no handler for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> for the fully
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qualified name of the type.</p>
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<p>Also add a <em class="mailheader">MIME-Version</em> header if one is not present (see
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also <a class="reference internal" href="email.message.html#email.message.MIMEPart" title="email.message.MIMEPart"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MIMEPart</span></code></a>).</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="email.contentmanager.ContentManager.add_get_handler">
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<code class="descname">add_get_handler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>key</em>, <em>handler</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#email.contentmanager.ContentManager.add_get_handler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Record the function <em>handler</em> as the handler for <em>key</em>. For the possible
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values of <em>key</em>, see <a class="reference internal" href="#email.contentmanager.get_content" title="email.contentmanager.get_content"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_content()</span></code></a>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="email.contentmanager.ContentManager.add_set_handler">
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<code class="descname">add_set_handler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>typekey</em>, <em>handler</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#email.contentmanager.ContentManager.add_set_handler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Record <em>handler</em> as the function to call when an object of a type
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matching <em>typekey</em> is passed to <a class="reference internal" href="#email.contentmanager.set_content" title="email.contentmanager.set_content"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_content()</span></code></a>. For the possible
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values of <em>typekey</em>, see <a class="reference internal" href="#email.contentmanager.set_content" title="email.contentmanager.set_content"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_content()</span></code></a>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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</dd></dl>
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<div class="section" id="content-manager-instances">
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<h2>Content Manager Instances<a class="headerlink" href="#content-manager-instances" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Currently the email package provides only one concrete content manager,
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<a class="reference internal" href="#email.contentmanager.raw_data_manager" title="email.contentmanager.raw_data_manager"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raw_data_manager</span></code></a>, although more may be added in the future.
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<a class="reference internal" href="#email.contentmanager.raw_data_manager" title="email.contentmanager.raw_data_manager"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raw_data_manager</span></code></a> is the
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<a class="reference internal" href="email.policy.html#email.policy.EmailPolicy.content_manager" title="email.policy.EmailPolicy.content_manager"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">content_manager</span></code></a> provided by
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<a class="reference internal" href="email.policy.html#email.policy.EmailPolicy" title="email.policy.EmailPolicy"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EmailPolicy</span></code></a> and its derivatives.</p>
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<dl class="data">
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<dt id="email.contentmanager.raw_data_manager">
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<code class="descclassname">email.contentmanager.</code><code class="descname">raw_data_manager</code><a class="headerlink" href="#email.contentmanager.raw_data_manager" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>This content manager provides only a minimum interface beyond that provided
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by <a class="reference internal" href="email.compat32-message.html#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Message</span></code></a> itself: it deals only with text, raw
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byte strings, and <a class="reference internal" href="email.compat32-message.html#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Message</span></code></a> objects. Nevertheless, it
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provides significant advantages compared to the base API: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_content</span></code> on
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a text part will return a unicode string without the application needing to
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manually decode it, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_content</span></code> provides a rich set of options for
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controlling the headers added to a part and controlling the content transfer
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encoding, and it enables the use of the various <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">add_</span></code> methods, thereby
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simplifying the creation of multipart messages.</p>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="email.contentmanager.get_content">
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<code class="descclassname">email.contentmanager.</code><code class="descname">get_content</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>msg</em>, <em>errors='replace'</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#email.contentmanager.get_content" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the payload of the part as either a string (for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">text</span></code> parts), an
|
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<a class="reference internal" href="email.message.html#email.message.EmailMessage" title="email.message.EmailMessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EmailMessage</span></code></a> object (for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">message/rfc822</span></code>
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parts), or a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code> object (for all other non-multipart types). Raise
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a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> if called on a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multipart</span></code>. If the part is a
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">text</span></code> part and <em>errors</em> is specified, use it as the error handler when
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decoding the payload to unicode. The default error handler is
|
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">replace</span></code>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="email.contentmanager.set_content">
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<code class="descclassname">email.contentmanager.</code><code class="descname">set_content</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>msg</em>, <em><'str'></em>, <em>subtype="plain"</em>, <em>charset='utf-8' cte=None</em>, <em>disposition=None</em>, <em>filename=None</em>, <em>cid=None</em>, <em>params=None</em>, <em>headers=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#email.contentmanager.set_content" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dt>
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<code class="descclassname">email.contentmanager.</code><code class="descname">set_content</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>msg</em>, <em><'bytes'></em>, <em>maintype</em>, <em>subtype</em>, <em>cte="base64"</em>, <em>disposition=None</em>, <em>filename=None</em>, <em>cid=None</em>, <em>params=None</em>, <em>headers=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
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<dt>
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<code class="descclassname">email.contentmanager.</code><code class="descname">set_content</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>msg</em>, <em><'EmailMessage'></em>, <em>cte=None</em>, <em>disposition=None</em>, <em>filename=None</em>, <em>cid=None</em>, <em>params=None</em>, <em>headers=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
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<dd><p>Add headers and payload to <em>msg</em>:</p>
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<p>Add a <em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header with a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maintype/subtype</span></code>
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value.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li><p>For <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code>, set the MIME <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maintype</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">text</span></code>, and set the
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subtype to <em>subtype</em> if it is specified, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plain</span></code> if it is not.</p></li>
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<li><p>For <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code>, use the specified <em>maintype</em> and <em>subtype</em>, or
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raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> if they are not specified.</p></li>
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<li><p>For <a class="reference internal" href="email.message.html#email.message.EmailMessage" title="email.message.EmailMessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EmailMessage</span></code></a> objects, set the maintype
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to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">message</span></code>, and set the subtype to <em>subtype</em> if it is
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specified or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rfc822</span></code> if it is not. If <em>subtype</em> is
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">partial</span></code>, raise an error (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code> objects must be used to
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construct <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">message/partial</span></code> parts).</p></li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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<p>If <em>charset</em> is provided (which is valid only for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code>), encode the
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string to bytes using the specified character set. The default is
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utf-8</span></code>. If the specified <em>charset</em> is a known alias for a standard
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MIME charset name, use the standard charset instead.</p>
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<p>If <em>cte</em> is set, encode the payload using the specified content transfer
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encoding, and set the <em class="mailheader">Content-Transfer-Encoding</em> header to
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that value. Possible values for <em>cte</em> are <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quoted-printable</span></code>,
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">7bit</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">8bit</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binary</span></code>. If the input cannot be
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encoded in the specified encoding (for example, specifying a <em>cte</em> of
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">7bit</span></code> for an input that contains non-ASCII values), raise a
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<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><ul class="simple">
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<li><p>For <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> objects, if <em>cte</em> is not set use heuristics to
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determine the most compact encoding.</p></li>
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<li><p>For <a class="reference internal" href="email.message.html#email.message.EmailMessage" title="email.message.EmailMessage"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EmailMessage</span></code></a>, per <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2046.html"><strong>RFC 2046</strong></a>, raise
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an error if a <em>cte</em> of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quoted-printable</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code> is
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requested for <em>subtype</em> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rfc822</span></code>, and for any <em>cte</em> other than
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">7bit</span></code> for <em>subtype</em> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">external-body</span></code>. For
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">message/rfc822</span></code>, use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">8bit</span></code> if <em>cte</em> is not specified. For
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all other values of <em>subtype</em>, use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">7bit</span></code>.</p></li>
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</ul>
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</div></blockquote>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p>A <em>cte</em> of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binary</span></code> does not actually work correctly yet.
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The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EmailMessage</span></code> object as modified by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_content</span></code> is
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correct, but <a class="reference internal" href="email.generator.html#email.generator.BytesGenerator" title="email.generator.BytesGenerator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BytesGenerator</span></code></a> does not
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serialize it correctly.</p>
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</div>
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<p>If <em>disposition</em> is set, use it as the value of the
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<em class="mailheader">Content-Disposition</em> header. If not specified, and
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<em>filename</em> is specified, add the header with the value <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">attachment</span></code>.
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If <em>disposition</em> is not specified and <em>filename</em> is also not specified,
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do not add the header. The only valid values for <em>disposition</em> are
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">attachment</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inline</span></code>.</p>
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<p>If <em>filename</em> is specified, use it as the value of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename</span></code>
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parameter of the <em class="mailheader">Content-Disposition</em> header.</p>
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<p>If <em>cid</em> is specified, add a <em class="mailheader">Content-ID</em> header with
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<em>cid</em> as its value.</p>
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<p>If <em>params</em> is specified, iterate its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">items</span></code> method and use the
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resulting <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(key,</span> <span class="pre">value)</span></code> pairs to set additional parameters on the
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<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header.</p>
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<p>If <em>headers</em> is specified and is a list of strings of the form
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">headername:</span> <span class="pre">headervalue</span></code> or a list of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">header</span></code> objects
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(distinguished from strings by having a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> attribute), add the
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headers to <em>msg</em>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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</dd></dl>
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<p class="rubric">Footnotes</p>
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<dl class="footnote brackets">
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<dt class="label" id="id2"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a></span></dt>
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<dd><p>Originally added in 3.4 as a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-provisional-package"><span class="xref std std-term">provisional module</span></a></p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.contentmanager</span></code>: Managing MIME Content</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#content-manager-instances">Content Manager Instances</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Previous topic</h4>
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<p class="topless"><a href="email.headerregistry.html"
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title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.headerregistry</span></code>: Custom Header Objects</a></p>
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<h4>Next topic</h4>
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<p class="topless"><a href="email.examples.html"
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title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code>: Examples</a></p>
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