video_core: Remove all Core::System references in renderer

Now that the GPU is initialized when video backends are initialized,
it's no longer needed to query components once the game is running: it
can be done when yuzu is booting.

This allows us to pass components between constructors and in the
process remove all Core::System references in the video backend.

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -188,7 +188,6 @@ struct System::Impl {
         if (!gpu_core) {
             return ResultStatus::ErrorVideoCore;
         }
-        gpu_core->Renderer().Rasterizer().SetupDirtyFlags();
 
         is_powered_on = true;
         exit_lock = false;

src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h

@@ -51,46 +51,43 @@ public:
                             bool is_written = false, bool use_fast_cbuf = false) {
         std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
 
-        auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr_opt = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        if (!cpu_addr) {
-        if (!cpu_addr_opt) {
             return GetEmptyBuffer(size);
         }
-        const VAddr cpu_addr = *cpu_addr_opt;
 
         // Cache management is a big overhead, so only cache entries with a given size.
         // TODO: Figure out which size is the best for given games.
         constexpr std::size_t max_stream_size = 0x800;
         if (use_fast_cbuf || size < max_stream_size) {
-            if (!is_written && !IsRegionWritten(cpu_addr, cpu_addr + size - 1)) {
+            if (!is_written && !IsRegionWritten(*cpu_addr, *cpu_addr + size - 1)) {
-                const bool is_granular = memory_manager.IsGranularRange(gpu_addr, size);
+                const bool is_granular = gpu_memory.IsGranularRange(gpu_addr, size);
                 if (use_fast_cbuf) {
                     u8* dest;
                     if (is_granular) {
-                        dest = memory_manager.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
+                        dest = gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
                     } else {
                         staging_buffer.resize(size);
                         dest = staging_buffer.data();
-                        memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, dest, size);
+                        gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, dest, size);
                     }
                     return ConstBufferUpload(dest, size);
                 }
                 if (is_granular) {
-                    u8* const host_ptr = memory_manager.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
+                    u8* const host_ptr = gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
                     return StreamBufferUpload(size, alignment, [host_ptr, size](u8* dest) {
                         std::memcpy(dest, host_ptr, size);
                     });
                 } else {
-                    return StreamBufferUpload(
+                    return StreamBufferUpload(size, alignment, [this, gpu_addr, size](u8* dest) {
-                        size, alignment, [&memory_manager, gpu_addr, size](u8* dest) {
+                        gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, dest, size);
-                            memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, dest, size);
+                    });
-                        });
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        Buffer* const block = GetBlock(cpu_addr, size);
+        Buffer* const block = GetBlock(*cpu_addr, size);
-        MapInterval* const map = MapAddress(block, gpu_addr, cpu_addr, size);
+        MapInterval* const map = MapAddress(block, gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, size);
         if (!map) {
             return GetEmptyBuffer(size);
         }
@@ -106,7 +103,7 @@ public:
             }
         }
 
-        return BufferInfo{block->Handle(), block->Offset(cpu_addr), block->Address()};
+        return BufferInfo{block->Handle(), block->Offset(*cpu_addr), block->Address()};
     }
 
     /// Uploads from a host memory. Returns the OpenGL buffer where it's located and its offset.
@@ -262,9 +259,11 @@ public:
     virtual BufferInfo GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) = 0;
 
 protected:
-    explicit BufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+    explicit BufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
-                         std::unique_ptr<StreamBuffer> stream_buffer)
+                         Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_,
-        : rasterizer{rasterizer}, system{system}, stream_buffer{std::move(stream_buffer)} {}
+                         std::unique_ptr<StreamBuffer> stream_buffer_)
+        : rasterizer{rasterizer_}, gpu_memory{gpu_memory_}, cpu_memory{cpu_memory_},
+          stream_buffer{std::move(stream_buffer_)}, stream_buffer_handle{stream_buffer->Handle()} {}
 
     ~BufferCache() = default;
 
@@ -326,14 +325,13 @@ private:
     MapInterval* MapAddress(Buffer* block, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
         const VectorMapInterval overlaps = GetMapsInRange(cpu_addr, size);
         if (overlaps.empty()) {
-            auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
             const VAddr cpu_addr_end = cpu_addr + size;
-            if (memory_manager.IsGranularRange(gpu_addr, size)) {
+            if (gpu_memory.IsGranularRange(gpu_addr, size)) {
-                u8* host_ptr = memory_manager.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
+                u8* const host_ptr = gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
                 block->Upload(block->Offset(cpu_addr), size, host_ptr);
             } else {
                 staging_buffer.resize(size);
-                memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, staging_buffer.data(), size);
+                gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, staging_buffer.data(), size);
                 block->Upload(block->Offset(cpu_addr), size, staging_buffer.data());
             }
             return Register(MapInterval(cpu_addr, cpu_addr_end, gpu_addr));
@@ -392,7 +390,7 @@ private:
                 continue;
             }
             staging_buffer.resize(size);
-            system.Memory().ReadBlockUnsafe(interval.lower(), staging_buffer.data(), size);
+            cpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(interval.lower(), staging_buffer.data(), size);
             block->Upload(block->Offset(interval.lower()), size, staging_buffer.data());
         }
     }
@@ -431,7 +429,7 @@ private:
         const std::size_t size = map->end - map->start;
         staging_buffer.resize(size);
         block->Download(block->Offset(map->start), size, staging_buffer.data());
-        system.Memory().WriteBlockUnsafe(map->start, staging_buffer.data(), size);
+        cpu_memory.WriteBlockUnsafe(map->start, staging_buffer.data(), size);
         map->MarkAsModified(false, 0);
     }
 
@@ -567,7 +565,8 @@ private:
     }
 
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory;
 
     std::unique_ptr<StreamBuffer> stream_buffer;
     BufferType stream_buffer_handle;

src/video_core/fence_manager.h

@@ -74,8 +74,6 @@ public:
     }
 
     void WaitPendingFences() {
-        auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
-        auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
         while (!fences.empty()) {
             TFence& current_fence = fences.front();
             if (ShouldWait()) {
@@ -83,8 +81,8 @@ public:
             }
             PopAsyncFlushes();
             if (current_fence->IsSemaphore()) {
-                memory_manager.template Write<u32>(current_fence->GetAddress(),
+                gpu_memory.template Write<u32>(current_fence->GetAddress(),
-                                                   current_fence->GetPayload());
+                                               current_fence->GetPayload());
             } else {
                 gpu.IncrementSyncPoint(current_fence->GetPayload());
             }
@@ -93,13 +91,13 @@ public:
     }
 
 protected:
-    FenceManager(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+    explicit FenceManager(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
-                 TTextureCache& texture_cache, TTBufferCache& buffer_cache,
+                          TTextureCache& texture_cache_, TTBufferCache& buffer_cache_,
-                 TQueryCache& query_cache)
+                          TQueryCache& query_cache_)
-        : system{system}, rasterizer{rasterizer}, texture_cache{texture_cache},
+        : rasterizer{rasterizer_}, gpu{gpu_}, gpu_memory{gpu.MemoryManager()},
-          buffer_cache{buffer_cache}, query_cache{query_cache} {}
+          texture_cache{texture_cache_}, buffer_cache{buffer_cache_}, query_cache{query_cache_} {}
 
-    virtual ~FenceManager() {}
+    virtual ~FenceManager() = default;
 
     /// Creates a Sync Point Fence Interface, does not create a backend fence if 'is_stubbed' is
     /// true
@@ -113,16 +111,15 @@ protected:
     /// Waits until a fence has been signalled by the host GPU.
     virtual void WaitFence(TFence& fence) = 0;
 
-    Core::System& system;
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
     TTextureCache& texture_cache;
     TTBufferCache& buffer_cache;
     TQueryCache& query_cache;
 
 private:
     void TryReleasePendingFences() {
-        auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
-        auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
         while (!fences.empty()) {
             TFence& current_fence = fences.front();
             if (ShouldWait() && !IsFenceSignaled(current_fence)) {
@@ -130,8 +127,8 @@ private:
             }
             PopAsyncFlushes();
             if (current_fence->IsSemaphore()) {
-                memory_manager.template Write<u32>(current_fence->GetAddress(),
+                gpu_memory.template Write<u32>(current_fence->GetAddress(),
-                                                   current_fence->GetPayload());
+                                               current_fence->GetPayload());
             } else {
                 gpu.IncrementSyncPoint(current_fence->GetPayload());
             }

src/video_core/gpu.cpp

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ namespace Tegra {
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(GPU_wait, "GPU", "Wait for the GPU", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
 
 GPU::GPU(Core::System& system_, bool is_async_)
-    : system{system_}, dma_pusher{std::make_unique<Tegra::DmaPusher>(system, *this)},
+    : system{system_}, memory_manager{std::make_unique<Tegra::MemoryManager>(system)},
-      memory_manager{std::make_unique<Tegra::MemoryManager>(system)},
+      dma_pusher{std::make_unique<Tegra::DmaPusher>(system, *this)},
       maxwell_3d{std::make_unique<Engines::Maxwell3D>(system, *memory_manager)},
       fermi_2d{std::make_unique<Engines::Fermi2D>()},
       kepler_compute{std::make_unique<Engines::KeplerCompute>(system, *memory_manager)},

src/video_core/gpu.h

@@ -347,12 +347,11 @@ private:
 
 protected:
     Core::System& system;
+    std::unique_ptr<Tegra::MemoryManager> memory_manager;
     std::unique_ptr<Tegra::DmaPusher> dma_pusher;
     std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> renderer;
 
 private:
-    std::unique_ptr<Tegra::MemoryManager> memory_manager;
-
     /// Mapping of command subchannels to their bound engine ids
     std::array<EngineID, 8> bound_engines = {};
     /// 3D engine

src/video_core/query_cache.h

@@ -95,10 +95,12 @@ template <class QueryCache, class CachedQuery, class CounterStream, class HostCo
           class QueryPool>
 class QueryCacheBase {
 public:
-    explicit QueryCacheBase(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer)
+    explicit QueryCacheBase(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
-        : system{system}, rasterizer{rasterizer}, streams{{CounterStream{
+                            Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_,
-                                                      static_cast<QueryCache&>(*this),
+                            Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_)
-                                                      VideoCore::QueryType::SamplesPassed}}} {}
+        : rasterizer{rasterizer_}, maxwell3d{maxwell3d_},
+          gpu_memory{gpu_memory_}, streams{{CounterStream{static_cast<QueryCache&>(*this),
+                                                          VideoCore::QueryType::SamplesPassed}}} {}
 
     void InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, std::size_t size) {
         std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
@@ -118,29 +120,27 @@ public:
      */
     void Query(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VideoCore::QueryType type, std::optional<u64> timestamp) {
         std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
-        auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr_opt = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        ASSERT(cpu_addr);
-        ASSERT(cpu_addr_opt);
-        VAddr cpu_addr = *cpu_addr_opt;
 
-        CachedQuery* query = TryGet(cpu_addr);
+        CachedQuery* query = TryGet(*cpu_addr);
         if (!query) {
-            ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(cpu_addr_opt, return;);
+            ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(cpu_addr, return;);
-            const auto host_ptr = memory_manager.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
+            u8* const host_ptr = gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
 
-            query = Register(type, cpu_addr, host_ptr, timestamp.has_value());
+            query = Register(type, *cpu_addr, host_ptr, timestamp.has_value());
         }
 
         query->BindCounter(Stream(type).Current(), timestamp);
         if (Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue()) {
-            AsyncFlushQuery(cpu_addr);
+            AsyncFlushQuery(*cpu_addr);
         }
     }
 
     /// Updates counters from GPU state. Expected to be called once per draw, clear or dispatch.
     void UpdateCounters() {
         std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
-        const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+        const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
         Stream(VideoCore::QueryType::SamplesPassed).Update(regs.samplecnt_enable);
     }
 
@@ -270,8 +270,9 @@ private:
     static constexpr std::uintptr_t PAGE_SIZE = 4096;
     static constexpr unsigned PAGE_BITS = 12;
 
-    Core::System& system;
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
 
     std::recursive_mutex mutex;
 

src/video_core/rasterizer_interface.h

@@ -106,11 +106,8 @@ public:
     virtual void UpdatePagesCachedCount(VAddr addr, u64 size, int delta) {}
 
     /// Initialize disk cached resources for the game being emulated
-    virtual void LoadDiskResources(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading = false,
+    virtual void LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
-                                   const DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback = {}) {}
+                                   const DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback) {}
-
-    /// Initializes renderer dirty flags
-    virtual void SetupDirtyFlags() {}
 
     /// Grant access to the Guest Driver Profile for recording/obtaining info on the guest driver.
     GuestDriverProfile& AccessGuestDriverProfile() {

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -59,9 +59,10 @@ void Buffer::CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst
                              static_cast<GLintptr>(dst_offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
 }
 
-OGLBufferCache::OGLBufferCache(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+OGLBufferCache::OGLBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                               Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
                                const Device& device_, std::size_t stream_size)
-    : GenericBufferCache{rasterizer, system,
+    : GenericBufferCache{rasterizer, gpu_memory, cpu_memory,
                          std::make_unique<OGLStreamBuffer>(device_, stream_size, true)},
       device{device_} {
     if (!device.HasFastBufferSubData()) {

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h

@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ private:
 using GenericBufferCache = VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, GLuint, OGLStreamBuffer>;
 class OGLBufferCache final : public GenericBufferCache {
 public:
-    explicit OGLBufferCache(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+    explicit OGLBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                            Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
                             const Device& device, std::size_t stream_size);
     ~OGLBufferCache();
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.cpp

@@ -45,11 +45,10 @@ void GLInnerFence::Wait() {
     glClientWaitSync(sync_object.handle, 0, GL_TIMEOUT_IGNORED);
 }
 
-FenceManagerOpenGL::FenceManagerOpenGL(Core::System& system,
+FenceManagerOpenGL::FenceManagerOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
-                                       VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
                                        TextureCacheOpenGL& texture_cache,
                                        OGLBufferCache& buffer_cache, QueryCache& query_cache)
-    : GenericFenceManager(system, rasterizer, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache) {}
+    : GenericFenceManager{rasterizer, gpu, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache} {}
 
 Fence FenceManagerOpenGL::CreateFence(u32 value, bool is_stubbed) {
     return std::make_shared<GLInnerFence>(value, is_stubbed);

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.h

@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ using GenericFenceManager =
 
 class FenceManagerOpenGL final : public GenericFenceManager {
 public:
-    FenceManagerOpenGL(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+    explicit FenceManagerOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
-                       TextureCacheOpenGL& texture_cache, OGLBufferCache& buffer_cache,
+                                TextureCacheOpenGL& texture_cache, OGLBufferCache& buffer_cache,
-                       QueryCache& query_cache);
+                                QueryCache& query_cache);
 
 protected:
     Fence CreateFence(u32 value, bool is_stubbed) override;

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_query_cache.cpp

@@ -30,12 +30,13 @@ constexpr GLenum GetTarget(VideoCore::QueryType type) {
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-QueryCache::QueryCache(Core::System& system, RasterizerOpenGL& gl_rasterizer)
+QueryCache::QueryCache(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                       Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory)
     : VideoCommon::QueryCacheBase<
           QueryCache, CachedQuery, CounterStream, HostCounter,
-          std::vector<OGLQuery>>{system,
+          std::vector<OGLQuery>>{static_cast<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface&>(rasterizer),
-                                 static_cast<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface&>(gl_rasterizer)},
+                                 maxwell3d, gpu_memory},
-      gl_rasterizer{gl_rasterizer} {}
+      gl_rasterizer{rasterizer} {}
 
 QueryCache::~QueryCache() = default;
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_query_cache.h

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ using CounterStream = VideoCommon::CounterStreamBase<QueryCache, HostCounter>;
 class QueryCache final : public VideoCommon::QueryCacheBase<QueryCache, CachedQuery, CounterStream,
                                                             HostCounter, std::vector<OGLQuery>> {
 public:
-    explicit QueryCache(Core::System& system, RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer);
+    explicit QueryCache(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                        Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory);
     ~QueryCache();
 
     OGLQuery AllocateQuery(VideoCore::QueryType type);

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -153,16 +153,19 @@ void UpdateBindlessPointers(GLenum target, GLuint64EXT* pointers, std::size_t nu
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-RasterizerOpenGL::RasterizerOpenGL(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+RasterizerOpenGL::RasterizerOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
-                                   const Device& device, ScreenInfo& info,
+                                   Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory, const Device& device_,
-                                   ProgramManager& program_manager, StateTracker& state_tracker)
+                                   ScreenInfo& screen_info_, ProgramManager& program_manager_,
-    : RasterizerAccelerated{system.Memory()}, device{device}, texture_cache{system, *this, device,
+                                   StateTracker& state_tracker_)
-                                                                            state_tracker},
+    : RasterizerAccelerated{cpu_memory}, gpu(gpu_), maxwell3d(gpu.Maxwell3D()),
-      shader_cache{*this, system, emu_window, device}, query_cache{system, *this},
+      kepler_compute(gpu.KeplerCompute()), gpu_memory(gpu.MemoryManager()), device(device_),
-      buffer_cache{*this, system, device, STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE},
+      screen_info(screen_info_), program_manager(program_manager_), state_tracker(state_tracker_),
-      fence_manager{system, *this, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache}, system{system},
+      texture_cache(*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device, state_tracker),
-      screen_info{info}, program_manager{program_manager}, state_tracker{state_tracker},
+      shader_cache(*this, emu_window, gpu, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, device),
-      async_shaders{emu_window} {
+      query_cache(*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory),
+      buffer_cache(*this, gpu_memory, cpu_memory, device, STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE),
+      fence_manager(*this, gpu, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache),
+      async_shaders(emu_window) {
     CheckExtensions();
 
     unified_uniform_buffer.Create();
@@ -196,8 +199,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::CheckExtensions() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexFormat() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::VertexFormats]) {
         return;
     }
@@ -217,7 +219,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexFormat() {
         }
         flags[Dirty::VertexFormat0 + index] = false;
 
-        const auto attrib = gpu.regs.vertex_attrib_format[index];
+        const auto attrib = maxwell3d.regs.vertex_attrib_format[index];
         const auto gl_index = static_cast<GLuint>(index);
 
         // Disable constant attributes.
@@ -241,8 +243,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexFormat() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexBuffer() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::VertexBuffers]) {
         return;
     }
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexBuffer() {
     const bool use_unified_memory = device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory();
 
     // Upload all guest vertex arrays sequentially to our buffer
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < NUM_SUPPORTED_VERTEX_BINDINGS; ++index) {
         if (!flags[Dirty::VertexBuffer0 + index]) {
             continue;
@@ -290,14 +291,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexBuffer() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexInstances() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::VertexInstances]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::VertexInstances] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < NUM_SUPPORTED_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTES; ++index) {
         if (!flags[Dirty::VertexInstance0 + index]) {
             continue;
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexInstances() {
 
 GLintptr RasterizerOpenGL::SetupIndexBuffer() {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Index);
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     const std::size_t size = CalculateIndexBufferSize();
     const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(regs.index_array.IndexStart(), size);
     glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, info.handle);
@@ -322,15 +322,14 @@ GLintptr RasterizerOpenGL::SetupIndexBuffer() {
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders(GLenum primitive_mode) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Shader);
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     u32 clip_distances = 0;
 
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram; ++index) {
-        const auto& shader_config = gpu.regs.shader_config[index];
+        const auto& shader_config = maxwell3d.regs.shader_config[index];
         const auto program{static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderProgram>(index)};
 
         // Skip stages that are not enabled
-        if (!gpu.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
+        if (!maxwell3d.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
             switch (program) {
             case Maxwell::ShaderProgram::Geometry:
                 program_manager.UseGeometryShader(0);
@@ -391,11 +390,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders(GLenum primitive_mode) {
     }
 
     SyncClipEnabled(clip_distances);
-    gpu.dirty.flags[Dirty::Shaders] = false;
+    maxwell3d.dirty.flags[Dirty::Shaders] = false;
 }
 
 std::size_t RasterizerOpenGL::CalculateVertexArraysSize() const {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     std::size_t size = 0;
     for (u32 index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
@@ -413,34 +412,27 @@ std::size_t RasterizerOpenGL::CalculateVertexArraysSize() const {
 }
 
 std::size_t RasterizerOpenGL::CalculateIndexBufferSize() const {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    return static_cast<std::size_t>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count) *
-
+           static_cast<std::size_t>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes());
-    return static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.index_array.count) *
-           static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes());
 }
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::LoadDiskResources(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
+void RasterizerOpenGL::LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
                                          const VideoCore::DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback) {
-    shader_cache.LoadDiskCache(stop_loading, callback);
+    shader_cache.LoadDiskCache(title_id, stop_loading, callback);
-}
-
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDirtyFlags() {
-    state_tracker.Initialize();
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::ConfigureFramebuffers() {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Framebuffer);
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    if (!maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets]) {
-    if (!gpu.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets]) {
         return;
     }
-    gpu.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets] = false;
+    maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets] = false;
 
     texture_cache.GuardRenderTargets(true);
 
     View depth_surface = texture_cache.GetDepthBufferSurface(true);
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.rt_separate_frag_data == 0);
 
     // Bind the framebuffer surfaces
@@ -472,8 +464,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::ConfigureFramebuffers() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::ConfigureClearFramebuffer(bool using_color, bool using_depth_stencil) {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
 
     texture_cache.GuardRenderTargets(true);
     View color_surface;
@@ -523,12 +514,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::ConfigureClearFramebuffer(bool using_color, bool using_de
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::Clear() {
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    if (!maxwell3d.ShouldExecute()) {
-    if (!gpu.ShouldExecute()) {
         return;
     }
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     bool use_color{};
     bool use_depth{};
     bool use_stencil{};
@@ -593,7 +583,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Clear() {
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Drawing);
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
 
     query_cache.UpdateCounters();
 
@@ -641,7 +630,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     if (invalidated) {
         // When the stream buffer has been invalidated, we have to consider vertex buffers as dirty
-        auto& dirty = gpu.dirty.flags;
+        auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
         dirty[Dirty::VertexBuffers] = true;
         for (int index = Dirty::VertexBuffer0; index <= Dirty::VertexBuffer31; ++index) {
             dirty[index] = true;
@@ -662,7 +651,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
     // Setup emulation uniform buffer.
     if (!device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
         MaxwellUniformData ubo;
-        ubo.SetFromRegs(gpu);
+        ubo.SetFromRegs(maxwell3d);
         const auto info =
             buffer_cache.UploadHostMemory(&ubo, sizeof(ubo), device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
         glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, EmulationUniformBlockBinding, info.handle, info.offset,
@@ -671,7 +660,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     // Setup shaders and their used resources.
     texture_cache.GuardSamplers(true);
-    const GLenum primitive_mode = MaxwellToGL::PrimitiveTopology(gpu.regs.draw.topology);
+    const GLenum primitive_mode = MaxwellToGL::PrimitiveTopology(maxwell3d.regs.draw.topology);
     SetupShaders(primitive_mode);
     texture_cache.GuardSamplers(false);
 
@@ -688,14 +677,14 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     BeginTransformFeedback(primitive_mode);
 
-    const GLuint base_instance = static_cast<GLuint>(gpu.regs.vb_base_instance);
+    const GLuint base_instance = static_cast<GLuint>(maxwell3d.regs.vb_base_instance);
     const GLsizei num_instances =
-        static_cast<GLsizei>(is_instanced ? gpu.mme_draw.instance_count : 1);
+        static_cast<GLsizei>(is_instanced ? maxwell3d.mme_draw.instance_count : 1);
     if (is_indexed) {
-        const GLint base_vertex = static_cast<GLint>(gpu.regs.vb_element_base);
+        const GLint base_vertex = static_cast<GLint>(maxwell3d.regs.vb_element_base);
-        const GLsizei num_vertices = static_cast<GLsizei>(gpu.regs.index_array.count);
+        const GLsizei num_vertices = static_cast<GLsizei>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count);
         const GLvoid* offset = reinterpret_cast<const GLvoid*>(index_buffer_offset);
-        const GLenum format = MaxwellToGL::IndexFormat(gpu.regs.index_array.format);
+        const GLenum format = MaxwellToGL::IndexFormat(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.format);
         if (num_instances == 1 && base_instance == 0 && base_vertex == 0) {
             glDrawElements(primitive_mode, num_vertices, format, offset);
         } else if (num_instances == 1 && base_instance == 0) {
@@ -714,8 +703,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
                                                           base_instance);
         }
     } else {
-        const GLint base_vertex = static_cast<GLint>(gpu.regs.vertex_buffer.first);
+        const GLint base_vertex = static_cast<GLint>(maxwell3d.regs.vertex_buffer.first);
-        const GLsizei num_vertices = static_cast<GLsizei>(gpu.regs.vertex_buffer.count);
+        const GLsizei num_vertices = static_cast<GLsizei>(maxwell3d.regs.vertex_buffer.count);
         if (num_instances == 1 && base_instance == 0) {
             glDrawArrays(primitive_mode, base_vertex, num_vertices);
         } else if (base_instance == 0) {
@@ -730,7 +719,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     ++num_queued_commands;
 
-    system.GPU().TickWork();
+    gpu.TickWork();
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
@@ -753,7 +742,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
 
     buffer_cache.Unmap();
 
-    const auto& launch_desc = system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description;
+    const auto& launch_desc = kepler_compute.launch_description;
+    program_manager.BindCompute(kernel->GetHandle());
     glDispatchCompute(launch_desc.grid_dim_x, launch_desc.grid_dim_y, launch_desc.grid_dim_z);
     ++num_queued_commands;
 }
@@ -815,17 +805,14 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncGuestHost() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SignalSemaphore(GPUVAddr addr, u32 value) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
-        auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
+        gpu_memory.Write<u32>(addr, value);
-        memory_manager.Write<u32>(addr, value);
         return;
     }
     fence_manager.SignalSemaphore(addr, value);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SignalSyncPoint(u32 value) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
         gpu.IncrementSyncPoint(value);
         return;
@@ -834,7 +821,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SignalSyncPoint(u32 value) {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::ReleaseFences() {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -920,7 +906,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawConstBuffers(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* sh
         GL_FRAGMENT_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV};
 
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_UBO);
-    const auto& stages = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().state.shader_stages;
+    const auto& stages = maxwell3d.state.shader_stages;
     const auto& shader_stage = stages[stage_index];
     const auto& entries = shader->GetEntries();
     const bool use_unified = entries.use_unified_uniforms;
@@ -945,7 +931,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawConstBuffers(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* sh
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeConstBuffers(Shader* kernel) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_UBO);
-    const auto& launch_desc = system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description;
+    const auto& launch_desc = kepler_compute.launch_description;
     const auto& entries = kernel->GetEntries();
     const bool use_unified = entries.use_unified_uniforms;
 
@@ -1018,9 +1004,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawGlobalMemory(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* sh
         GL_GEOMETRY_PROGRAM_NV, GL_FRAGMENT_PROGRAM_NV,
     };
 
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
+    const auto& cbufs{maxwell3d.state.shader_stages[stage_index]};
-    auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
-    const auto& cbufs{gpu.Maxwell3D().state.shader_stages[stage_index]};
     const auto& entries{shader->GetEntries().global_memory_entries};
 
     std::array<GLuint64EXT, 32> pointers;
@@ -1030,8 +1014,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawGlobalMemory(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* sh
     u32 binding = assembly_shaders ? 0 : device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index).shader_storage_buffer;
     for (const auto& entry : entries) {
         const GPUVAddr addr{cbufs.const_buffers[entry.cbuf_index].address + entry.cbuf_offset};
-        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{memory_manager.Read<u64>(addr)};
+        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{gpu_memory.Read<u64>(addr)};
-        const u32 size{memory_manager.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
+        const u32 size{gpu_memory.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
         SetupGlobalMemory(binding, entry, gpu_addr, size, &pointers[binding]);
         ++binding;
     }
@@ -1041,9 +1025,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawGlobalMemory(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* sh
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeGlobalMemory(Shader* kernel) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
+    const auto& cbufs{kepler_compute.launch_description.const_buffer_config};
-    auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
-    const auto& cbufs{gpu.KeplerCompute().launch_description.const_buffer_config};
     const auto& entries{kernel->GetEntries().global_memory_entries};
 
     std::array<GLuint64EXT, 32> pointers;
@@ -1052,8 +1034,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeGlobalMemory(Shader* kernel) {
     u32 binding = 0;
     for (const auto& entry : entries) {
         const GPUVAddr addr{cbufs[entry.cbuf_index].Address() + entry.cbuf_offset};
-        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{memory_manager.Read<u64>(addr)};
+        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{gpu_memory.Read<u64>(addr)};
-        const u32 size{memory_manager.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
+        const u32 size{gpu_memory.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
         SetupGlobalMemory(binding, entry, gpu_addr, size, &pointers[binding]);
         ++binding;
     }
@@ -1077,7 +1059,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupGlobalMemory(u32 binding, const GlobalMemoryEntry& e
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawTextures(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Texture);
-    const auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index).sampler;
     for (const auto& entry : shader->GetEntries().samplers) {
         const auto shader_type = static_cast<ShaderType>(stage_index);
@@ -1090,11 +1071,10 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawTextures(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeTextures(Shader* kernel) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Texture);
-    const auto& compute = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     u32 binding = 0;
     for (const auto& entry : kernel->GetEntries().samplers) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entry.size; ++i) {
-            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(compute, entry, ShaderType::Compute, i);
+            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ShaderType::Compute, i);
             SetupTexture(binding++, texture, entry);
         }
     }
@@ -1118,20 +1098,18 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupTexture(u32 binding, const Tegra::Texture::FullTextu
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawImages(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader) {
-    const auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index).image;
     for (const auto& entry : shader->GetEntries().images) {
-        const auto shader_type = static_cast<Tegra::Engines::ShaderType>(stage_index);
+        const auto shader_type = static_cast<ShaderType>(stage_index);
         const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, shader_type).tic;
         SetupImage(binding++, tic, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeImages(Shader* shader) {
-    const auto& compute = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     u32 binding = 0;
     for (const auto& entry : shader->GetEntries().images) {
-        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(compute, entry, Tegra::Engines::ShaderType::Compute).tic;
+        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ShaderType::Compute).tic;
         SetupImage(binding++, tic, entry);
     }
 }
@@ -1151,9 +1129,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupImage(u32 binding, const Tegra::Texture::TICEntry& t
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncViewport() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
 
     const bool dirty_viewport = flags[Dirty::Viewports];
     const bool dirty_clip_control = flags[Dirty::ClipControl];
@@ -1225,25 +1202,23 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncViewport() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthClamp() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::DepthClampEnabled]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::DepthClampEnabled] = false;
 
-    oglEnable(GL_DEPTH_CLAMP, gpu.regs.view_volume_clip_control.depth_clamp_disabled == 0);
+    oglEnable(GL_DEPTH_CLAMP, maxwell3d.regs.view_volume_clip_control.depth_clamp_disabled == 0);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncClipEnabled(u32 clip_mask) {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::ClipDistances] && !flags[Dirty::Shaders]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::ClipDistances] = false;
 
-    clip_mask &= gpu.regs.clip_distance_enabled;
+    clip_mask &= maxwell3d.regs.clip_distance_enabled;
     if (clip_mask == last_clip_distance_mask) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1259,9 +1234,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncClipCoef() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncCullMode() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
 
     if (flags[Dirty::CullTest]) {
         flags[Dirty::CullTest] = false;
@@ -1276,26 +1250,24 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncCullMode() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPrimitiveRestart() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::PrimitiveRestart]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::PrimitiveRestart] = false;
 
-    if (gpu.regs.primitive_restart.enabled) {
+    if (maxwell3d.regs.primitive_restart.enabled) {
         glEnable(GL_PRIMITIVE_RESTART);
-        glPrimitiveRestartIndex(gpu.regs.primitive_restart.index);
+        glPrimitiveRestartIndex(maxwell3d.regs.primitive_restart.index);
     } else {
         glDisable(GL_PRIMITIVE_RESTART);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthTestState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
     if (flags[Dirty::DepthMask]) {
         flags[Dirty::DepthMask] = false;
         glDepthMask(regs.depth_write_enabled ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE);
@@ -1313,14 +1285,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthTestState() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncStencilTestState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::StencilTest]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::StencilTest] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     oglEnable(GL_STENCIL_TEST, regs.stencil_enable);
 
     glStencilFuncSeparate(GL_FRONT, MaxwellToGL::ComparisonOp(regs.stencil_front_func_func),
@@ -1345,25 +1316,24 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncStencilTestState() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncRasterizeEnable() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::RasterizeEnable]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::RasterizeEnable] = false;
 
-    oglEnable(GL_RASTERIZER_DISCARD, gpu.regs.rasterize_enable == 0);
+    oglEnable(GL_RASTERIZER_DISCARD, maxwell3d.regs.rasterize_enable == 0);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPolygonModes() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::PolygonModes]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::PolygonModes] = false;
 
-    if (gpu.regs.fill_rectangle) {
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
+    if (regs.fill_rectangle) {
         if (!GLAD_GL_NV_fill_rectangle) {
             LOG_ERROR(Render_OpenGL, "GL_NV_fill_rectangle used and not supported");
             glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
@@ -1376,27 +1346,26 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPolygonModes() {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (gpu.regs.polygon_mode_front == gpu.regs.polygon_mode_back) {
+    if (regs.polygon_mode_front == regs.polygon_mode_back) {
         flags[Dirty::PolygonModeFront] = false;
         flags[Dirty::PolygonModeBack] = false;
-        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(gpu.regs.polygon_mode_front));
+        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(regs.polygon_mode_front));
         return;
     }
 
     if (flags[Dirty::PolygonModeFront]) {
         flags[Dirty::PolygonModeFront] = false;
-        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(gpu.regs.polygon_mode_front));
+        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(regs.polygon_mode_front));
     }
 
     if (flags[Dirty::PolygonModeBack]) {
         flags[Dirty::PolygonModeBack] = false;
-        glPolygonMode(GL_BACK, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(gpu.regs.polygon_mode_back));
+        glPolygonMode(GL_BACK, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(regs.polygon_mode_back));
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncColorMask() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::ColorMasks]) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1405,7 +1374,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncColorMask() {
     const bool force = flags[Dirty::ColorMaskCommon];
     flags[Dirty::ColorMaskCommon] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.color_mask_common) {
         if (!force && !flags[Dirty::ColorMask0]) {
             return;
@@ -1430,33 +1399,30 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncColorMask() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncMultiSampleState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::MultisampleControl]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::MultisampleControl] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     oglEnable(GL_SAMPLE_ALPHA_TO_COVERAGE, regs.multisample_control.alpha_to_coverage);
     oglEnable(GL_SAMPLE_ALPHA_TO_ONE, regs.multisample_control.alpha_to_one);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncFragmentColorClampState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::FragmentClampColor]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::FragmentClampColor] = false;
 
-    glClampColor(GL_CLAMP_FRAGMENT_COLOR, gpu.regs.frag_color_clamp ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE);
+    glClampColor(GL_CLAMP_FRAGMENT_COLOR, maxwell3d.regs.frag_color_clamp ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncBlendState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
 
     if (flags[Dirty::BlendColor]) {
         flags[Dirty::BlendColor] = false;
@@ -1513,14 +1479,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncBlendState() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncLogicOpState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::LogicOp]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::LogicOp] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.logic_op.enable) {
         glEnable(GL_COLOR_LOGIC_OP);
         glLogicOp(MaxwellToGL::LogicOp(regs.logic_op.operation));
@@ -1530,14 +1495,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncLogicOpState() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncScissorTest() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::Scissors]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::Scissors] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumViewports; ++index) {
         if (!flags[Dirty::Scissor0 + index]) {
             continue;
@@ -1556,16 +1520,15 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncScissorTest() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPointState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::PointSize]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::PointSize] = false;
 
-    oglEnable(GL_POINT_SPRITE, gpu.regs.point_sprite_enable);
+    oglEnable(GL_POINT_SPRITE, maxwell3d.regs.point_sprite_enable);
 
-    if (gpu.regs.vp_point_size.enable) {
+    if (maxwell3d.regs.vp_point_size.enable) {
         // By definition of GL_POINT_SIZE, it only matters if GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE is disabled.
         glEnable(GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE);
         return;
@@ -1573,32 +1536,30 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPointState() {
 
     // Limit the point size to 1 since nouveau sometimes sets a point size of 0 (and that's invalid
     // in OpenGL).
-    glPointSize(std::max(1.0f, gpu.regs.point_size));
+    glPointSize(std::max(1.0f, maxwell3d.regs.point_size));
     glDisable(GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncLineState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::LineWidth]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::LineWidth] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     oglEnable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH, regs.line_smooth_enable);
     glLineWidth(regs.line_smooth_enable ? regs.line_width_smooth : regs.line_width_aliased);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPolygonOffset() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::PolygonOffset]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::PolygonOffset] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     oglEnable(GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL, regs.polygon_offset_fill_enable);
     oglEnable(GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_LINE, regs.polygon_offset_line_enable);
     oglEnable(GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_POINT, regs.polygon_offset_point_enable);
@@ -1612,14 +1573,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPolygonOffset() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncAlphaTest() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::AlphaTest]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::AlphaTest] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.alpha_test_enabled && regs.rt_control.count > 1) {
         LOG_WARNING(Render_OpenGL, "Alpha testing with more than one render target is not tested");
     }
@@ -1633,20 +1593,19 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncAlphaTest() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncFramebufferSRGB() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::FramebufferSRGB]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::FramebufferSRGB] = false;
 
-    oglEnable(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB, gpu.regs.framebuffer_srgb);
+    oglEnable(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB, maxwell3d.regs.framebuffer_srgb);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncTransformFeedback() {
     // TODO(Rodrigo): Inject SKIP_COMPONENTS*_NV when required. An unimplemented message will signal
     // when this is required.
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     static constexpr std::size_t STRIDE = 3;
     std::array<GLint, 128 * STRIDE * Maxwell::NumTransformFeedbackBuffers> attribs;
@@ -1698,7 +1657,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncTransformFeedback() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::BeginTransformFeedback(GLenum primitive_mode) {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.tfb_enabled == 0) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1741,7 +1700,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::BeginTransformFeedback(GLenum primitive_mode) {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::EndTransformFeedback() {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.tfb_enabled == 0) {
         return;
     }

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
 #include "video_core/shader/async_shaders.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
 
-namespace Core {
+namespace Core::Memory {
-class System;
+class Memory;
 }
 
 namespace Core::Frontend {
@@ -55,9 +55,10 @@ struct DrawParameters;
 
 class RasterizerOpenGL : public VideoCore::RasterizerAccelerated {
 public:
-    explicit RasterizerOpenGL(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+    explicit RasterizerOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
-                              const Device& device, ScreenInfo& info,
+                              Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory, const Device& device,
-                              ProgramManager& program_manager, StateTracker& state_tracker);
+                              ScreenInfo& screen_info, ProgramManager& program_manager,
+                              StateTracker& state_tracker);
     ~RasterizerOpenGL() override;
 
     void Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) override;
@@ -83,9 +84,8 @@ public:
                                const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy_config) override;
     bool AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config, VAddr framebuffer_addr,
                            u32 pixel_stride) override;
-    void LoadDiskResources(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
+    void LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
                            const VideoCore::DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback) override;
-    void SetupDirtyFlags() override;
 
     /// Returns true when there are commands queued to the OpenGL server.
     bool AnyCommandQueued() const {
@@ -237,7 +237,15 @@ private:
 
     void SetupShaders(GLenum primitive_mode);
 
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+
     const Device& device;
+    ScreenInfo& screen_info;
+    ProgramManager& program_manager;
+    StateTracker& state_tracker;
 
     TextureCacheOpenGL texture_cache;
     ShaderCacheOpenGL shader_cache;
@@ -247,10 +255,6 @@ private:
     OGLBufferCache buffer_cache;
     FenceManagerOpenGL fence_manager;
 
-    Core::System& system;
-    ScreenInfo& screen_info;
-    ProgramManager& program_manager;
-    StateTracker& state_tracker;
     VideoCommon::Shader::AsyncShaders async_shaders;
 
     static constexpr std::size_t STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 128 * 1024 * 1024;

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.cpp

@@ -239,12 +239,11 @@ std::unique_ptr<Shader> Shader::CreateStageFromMemory(
     ProgramCode code_b, VideoCommon::Shader::AsyncShaders& async_shaders, VAddr cpu_addr) {
     const auto shader_type = GetShaderType(program_type);
 
-    auto& gpu = params.system.GPU();
+    auto& gpu = params.gpu;
     gpu.ShaderNotify().MarkSharderBuilding();
 
     auto registry = std::make_shared<Registry>(shader_type, gpu.Maxwell3D());
-    if (!async_shaders.IsShaderAsync(params.system.GPU()) ||
+    if (!async_shaders.IsShaderAsync(gpu) || !params.device.UseAsynchronousShaders()) {
-        !params.device.UseAsynchronousShaders()) {
         const ShaderIR ir(code, STAGE_MAIN_OFFSET, COMPILER_SETTINGS, *registry);
         // TODO(Rodrigo): Handle VertexA shaders
         // std::optional<ShaderIR> ir_b;
@@ -287,11 +286,10 @@ std::unique_ptr<Shader> Shader::CreateStageFromMemory(
 
 std::unique_ptr<Shader> Shader::CreateKernelFromMemory(const ShaderParameters& params,
                                                        ProgramCode code) {
-    auto& gpu = params.system.GPU();
+    auto& gpu = params.gpu;
     gpu.ShaderNotify().MarkSharderBuilding();
 
-    auto& engine = gpu.KeplerCompute();
+    auto registry = std::make_shared<Registry>(ShaderType::Compute, params.engine);
-    auto registry = std::make_shared<Registry>(ShaderType::Compute, engine);
     const ShaderIR ir(code, KERNEL_MAIN_OFFSET, COMPILER_SETTINGS, *registry);
     const u64 uid = params.unique_identifier;
     auto program = BuildShader(params.device, ShaderType::Compute, uid, ir, *registry);
@@ -320,15 +318,20 @@ std::unique_ptr<Shader> Shader::CreateFromCache(const ShaderParameters& params,
         precompiled_shader.registry, precompiled_shader.entries, precompiled_shader.program));
 }
 
-ShaderCacheOpenGL::ShaderCacheOpenGL(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+ShaderCacheOpenGL::ShaderCacheOpenGL(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer,
-                                     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const Device& device)
+                                     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
-    : VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader>{rasterizer}, system{system},
+                                     Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_,
-      emu_window{emu_window}, device{device}, disk_cache{system} {}
+                                     Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute_,
+                                     Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, const Device& device_)
+    : VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader>{rasterizer}, emu_window{emu_window_}, gpu{gpu_},
+      gpu_memory{gpu_memory_}, maxwell3d{maxwell3d_},
+      kepler_compute{kepler_compute_}, device{device_} {}
 
 ShaderCacheOpenGL::~ShaderCacheOpenGL() = default;
 
-void ShaderCacheOpenGL::LoadDiskCache(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
+void ShaderCacheOpenGL::LoadDiskCache(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
                                       const VideoCore::DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback) {
+    disk_cache.BindTitleID(title_id);
     const std::optional transferable = disk_cache.LoadTransferable();
     if (!transferable) {
         return;
@@ -481,21 +484,19 @@ ProgramSharedPtr ShaderCacheOpenGL::GeneratePrecompiledProgram(
 
 Shader* ShaderCacheOpenGL::GetStageProgram(Maxwell::ShaderProgram program,
                                            VideoCommon::Shader::AsyncShaders& async_shaders) {
-    if (!system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags[Dirty::Shaders]) {
+    if (!maxwell3d.dirty.flags[Dirty::Shaders]) {
         auto* last_shader = last_shaders[static_cast<std::size_t>(program)];
         if (last_shader->IsBuilt()) {
             return last_shader;
         }
     }
 
-    auto& memory_manager{system.GPU().MemoryManager()};
+    const GPUVAddr address{GetShaderAddress(maxwell3d, program)};
-    const GPUVAddr address{GetShaderAddress(system, program)};
 
     if (device.UseAsynchronousShaders() && async_shaders.HasCompletedWork()) {
         auto completed_work = async_shaders.GetCompletedWork();
         for (auto& work : completed_work) {
             Shader* shader = TryGet(work.cpu_address);
-            auto& gpu = system.GPU();
             gpu.ShaderNotify().MarkShaderComplete();
             if (shader == nullptr) {
                 continue;
@@ -507,14 +508,13 @@ Shader* ShaderCacheOpenGL::GetStageProgram(Maxwell::ShaderProgram program,
                 shader->AsyncGLASMBuilt(std::move(work.program.glasm));
             }
 
+            auto& registry = shader->GetRegistry();
+
             ShaderDiskCacheEntry entry;
             entry.type = work.shader_type;
             entry.code = std::move(work.code);
             entry.code_b = std::move(work.code_b);
             entry.unique_identifier = work.uid;
-
-            auto& registry = shader->GetRegistry();
-
             entry.bound_buffer = registry.GetBoundBuffer();
             entry.graphics_info = registry.GetGraphicsInfo();
             entry.keys = registry.GetKeys();
@@ -525,28 +525,28 @@ Shader* ShaderCacheOpenGL::GetStageProgram(Maxwell::ShaderProgram program,
     }
 
     // Look up shader in the cache based on address
-    const auto cpu_addr{memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(address)};
+    const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr{gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(address)};
     if (Shader* const shader{cpu_addr ? TryGet(*cpu_addr) : null_shader.get()}) {
         return last_shaders[static_cast<std::size_t>(program)] = shader;
     }
 
-    const auto host_ptr{memory_manager.GetPointer(address)};
+    const u8* const host_ptr{gpu_memory.GetPointer(address)};
 
     // No shader found - create a new one
-    ProgramCode code{GetShaderCode(memory_manager, address, host_ptr, false)};
+    ProgramCode code{GetShaderCode(gpu_memory, address, host_ptr, false)};
     ProgramCode code_b;
     if (program == Maxwell::ShaderProgram::VertexA) {
-        const GPUVAddr address_b{GetShaderAddress(system, Maxwell::ShaderProgram::VertexB)};
+        const GPUVAddr address_b{GetShaderAddress(maxwell3d, Maxwell::ShaderProgram::VertexB)};
-        const u8* host_ptr_b = memory_manager.GetPointer(address_b);
+        const u8* host_ptr_b = gpu_memory.GetPointer(address_b);
-        code_b = GetShaderCode(memory_manager, address_b, host_ptr_b, false);
+        code_b = GetShaderCode(gpu_memory, address_b, host_ptr_b, false);
     }
     const std::size_t code_size = code.size() * sizeof(u64);
 
     const u64 unique_identifier = GetUniqueIdentifier(
         GetShaderType(program), program == Maxwell::ShaderProgram::VertexA, code, code_b);
 
-    const ShaderParameters params{system,    disk_cache, device,
+    const ShaderParameters params{gpu,       maxwell3d, disk_cache,       device,
-                                  *cpu_addr, host_ptr,   unique_identifier};
+                                  *cpu_addr, host_ptr,  unique_identifier};
 
     std::unique_ptr<Shader> shader;
     const auto found = runtime_cache.find(unique_identifier);
@@ -568,21 +568,20 @@ Shader* ShaderCacheOpenGL::GetStageProgram(Maxwell::ShaderProgram program,
 }
 
 Shader* ShaderCacheOpenGL::GetComputeKernel(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
-    auto& memory_manager{system.GPU().MemoryManager()};
+    const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr{gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(code_addr)};
-    const auto cpu_addr{memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(code_addr)};
 
     if (Shader* const kernel = cpu_addr ? TryGet(*cpu_addr) : null_kernel.get()) {
         return kernel;
     }
 
-    const auto host_ptr{memory_manager.GetPointer(code_addr)};
     // No kernel found, create a new one
-    ProgramCode code{GetShaderCode(memory_manager, code_addr, host_ptr, true)};
+    const u8* host_ptr{gpu_memory.GetPointer(code_addr)};
+    ProgramCode code{GetShaderCode(gpu_memory, code_addr, host_ptr, true)};
     const std::size_t code_size{code.size() * sizeof(u64)};
     const u64 unique_identifier{GetUniqueIdentifier(ShaderType::Compute, false, code)};
 
-    const ShaderParameters params{system,    disk_cache, device,
+    const ShaderParameters params{gpu,       kepler_compute, disk_cache,       device,
-                                  *cpu_addr, host_ptr,   unique_identifier};
+                                  *cpu_addr, host_ptr,       unique_identifier};
 
     std::unique_ptr<Shader> kernel;
     const auto found = runtime_cache.find(unique_identifier);

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.h

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 #include "video_core/shader/shader_ir.h"
 #include "video_core/shader_cache.h"
 
-namespace Core {
+namespace Tegra {
-class System;
+class MemoryManager;
 }
 
 namespace Core::Frontend {
@@ -57,11 +57,12 @@ struct PrecompiledShader {
 };
 
 struct ShaderParameters {
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
+    Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferEngineInterface& engine;
     ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL& disk_cache;
     const Device& device;
     VAddr cpu_addr;
-    u8* host_ptr;
+    const u8* host_ptr;
     u64 unique_identifier;
 };
 
@@ -118,12 +119,14 @@ private:
 
 class ShaderCacheOpenGL final : public VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader> {
 public:
-    explicit ShaderCacheOpenGL(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+    explicit ShaderCacheOpenGL(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
-                               Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const Device& device);
+                               Tegra::GPU& gpu, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                               Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute,
+                               Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const Device& device);
     ~ShaderCacheOpenGL() override;
 
     /// Loads disk cache for the current game
-    void LoadDiskCache(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
+    void LoadDiskCache(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
                        const VideoCore::DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback);
 
     /// Gets the current specified shader stage program
@@ -138,9 +141,13 @@ private:
         const ShaderDiskCacheEntry& entry, const ShaderDiskCachePrecompiled& precompiled_entry,
         const std::unordered_set<GLenum>& supported_formats);
 
-    Core::System& system;
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window;
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute;
     const Device& device;
+
     ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL disk_cache;
     std::unordered_map<u64, PrecompiledShader> runtime_cache;
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.cpp

@@ -206,13 +206,17 @@ bool ShaderDiskCacheEntry::Save(Common::FS::IOFile& file) const {
                flat_bindless_samplers.size();
 }
 
-ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL(Core::System& system) : system{system} {}
+ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL() = default;
 
 ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::~ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL() = default;
 
+void ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::BindTitleID(u64 title_id_) {
+    title_id = title_id_;
+}
+
 std::optional<std::vector<ShaderDiskCacheEntry>> ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::LoadTransferable() {
     // Skip games without title id
-    const bool has_title_id = system.CurrentProcess()->GetTitleID() != 0;
+    const bool has_title_id = title_id != 0;
     if (!Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache.GetValue() || !has_title_id) {
         return std::nullopt;
     }
@@ -474,7 +478,7 @@ std::string ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::GetBaseDir() const {
 }
 
 std::string ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::GetTitleID() const {
-    return fmt::format("{:016X}", system.CurrentProcess()->GetTitleID());
+    return fmt::format("{:016X}", title_id);
 }
 
 } // namespace OpenGL

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.h

@@ -21,10 +21,6 @@
 #include "video_core/engines/shader_type.h"
 #include "video_core/shader/registry.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
-}
-
 namespace Common::FS {
 class IOFile;
 }
@@ -70,9 +66,12 @@ struct ShaderDiskCachePrecompiled {
 
 class ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL {
 public:
-    explicit ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL(Core::System& system);
+    explicit ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL();
     ~ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL();
 
+    /// Binds a title ID for all future operations.
+    void BindTitleID(u64 title_id);
+
     /// Loads transferable cache. If file has a old version or on failure, it deletes the file.
     std::optional<std::vector<ShaderDiskCacheEntry>> LoadTransferable();
 
@@ -157,8 +156,6 @@ private:
         return LoadArrayFromPrecompiled(&object, 1);
     }
 
-    Core::System& system;
-
     // Stores whole precompiled cache which will be read from or saved to the precompiled chache
     // file
     FileSys::VectorVfsFile precompiled_cache_virtual_file;
@@ -168,8 +165,11 @@ private:
     // Stored transferable shaders
     std::unordered_set<u64> stored_transferable;
 
+    /// Title ID to operate on
+    u64 title_id = 0;
+
     // The cache has been loaded at boot
-    bool is_usable{};
+    bool is_usable = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace OpenGL

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.cpp

@@ -214,10 +214,8 @@ void SetupDirtyMisc(Tables& tables) {
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-StateTracker::StateTracker(Core::System& system) : system{system} {}
+StateTracker::StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu) : flags{gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty.flags} {
-
+    auto& dirty = gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty;
-void StateTracker::Initialize() {
-    auto& dirty = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty;
     auto& tables = dirty.tables;
     SetupDirtyRenderTargets(tables);
     SetupDirtyColorMasks(tables);

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.h

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #include "video_core/dirty_flags.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
 
-namespace Core {
+namespace Tegra {
-class System;
+class GPU;
 }
 
 namespace OpenGL {
@@ -90,9 +90,7 @@ static_assert(Last <= std::numeric_limits<u8>::max());
 
 class StateTracker {
 public:
-    explicit StateTracker(Core::System& system);
+    explicit StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu);
-
-    void Initialize();
 
     void BindIndexBuffer(GLuint new_index_buffer) {
         if (index_buffer == new_index_buffer) {
@@ -103,7 +101,6 @@ public:
     }
 
     void NotifyScreenDrawVertexArray() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexFormats] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexFormat0 + 0] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexFormat0 + 1] = true;
@@ -117,98 +114,81 @@ public:
     }
 
     void NotifyPolygonModes() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::PolygonModes] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::PolygonModeFront] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::PolygonModeBack] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyViewport0() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::Viewports] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::Viewport0] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyScissor0() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::Scissors] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::Scissor0] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyColorMask0() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::ColorMasks] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::ColorMask0] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyBlend0() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::BlendStates] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::BlendState0] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyFramebuffer() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyFrontFace() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::FrontFace] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyCullTest() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::CullTest] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyDepthMask() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::DepthMask] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyDepthTest() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::DepthTest] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyStencilTest() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::StencilTest] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyPolygonOffset() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::PolygonOffset] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyRasterizeEnable() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::RasterizeEnable] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyFramebufferSRGB() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::FramebufferSRGB] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyLogicOp() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::LogicOp] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyClipControl() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::ClipControl] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyAlphaTest() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::AlphaTest] = true;
     }
 
 private:
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::DirtyState::Flags& flags;
 
     GLuint index_buffer = 0;
 };

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp

@@ -532,10 +532,12 @@ OGLTextureView CachedSurfaceView::CreateTextureView() const {
     return texture_view;
 }
 
-TextureCacheOpenGL::TextureCacheOpenGL(Core::System& system,
+TextureCacheOpenGL::TextureCacheOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                                       VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                                       Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
-                                       const Device& device, StateTracker& state_tracker)
+                                       Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const Device& device,
-    : TextureCacheBase{system, rasterizer, device.HasASTC()}, state_tracker{state_tracker} {
+                                       StateTracker& state_tracker_)
+    : TextureCacheBase{rasterizer, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device.HasASTC()}, state_tracker{
+                                                                                 state_tracker_} {
     src_framebuffer.Create();
     dst_framebuffer.Create();
 }

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.h

@@ -129,8 +129,10 @@ private:
 
 class TextureCacheOpenGL final : public TextureCacheBase {
 public:
-    explicit TextureCacheOpenGL(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+    explicit TextureCacheOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                                const Device& device, StateTracker& state_tracker);
+                                Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                                Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const Device& device,
+                                StateTracker& state_tracker);
     ~TextureCacheOpenGL();
 
 protected:

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp

@@ -275,11 +275,13 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-RendererOpenGL::RendererOpenGL(Core::System& system_, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_,
+RendererOpenGL::RendererOpenGL(Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session_,
-                               Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
+                               Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_,
-                               std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context_)
+                               Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
-    : RendererBase{emu_window_, std::move(context_)}, system{system_},
+                               std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context)
-      emu_window{emu_window_}, gpu{gpu_}, program_manager{device}, has_debug_tool{HasDebugTool()} {}
+    : RendererBase{emu_window_, std::move(context)}, telemetry_session{telemetry_session_},
+      emu_window{emu_window_}, cpu_memory{cpu_memory_}, gpu{gpu_}, program_manager{device},
+      has_debug_tool{HasDebugTool()} {}
 
 RendererOpenGL::~RendererOpenGL() = default;
 
@@ -386,7 +388,7 @@ void RendererOpenGL::LoadFBToScreenInfo(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuf
         VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromGPUPixelFormat(framebuffer.pixel_format)};
     const u32 bytes_per_pixel{VideoCore::Surface::GetBytesPerPixel(pixel_format)};
     const u64 size_in_bytes{framebuffer.stride * framebuffer.height * bytes_per_pixel};
-    u8* const host_ptr{system.Memory().GetPointer(framebuffer_addr)};
+    u8* const host_ptr{cpu_memory.GetPointer(framebuffer_addr)};
     rasterizer->FlushRegion(ToCacheAddr(host_ptr), size_in_bytes);
 
     // TODO(Rodrigo): Read this from HLE
@@ -471,7 +473,6 @@ void RendererOpenGL::AddTelemetryFields() {
     LOG_INFO(Render_OpenGL, "GL_VENDOR: {}", gpu_vendor);
     LOG_INFO(Render_OpenGL, "GL_RENDERER: {}", gpu_model);
 
-    auto& telemetry_session = system.TelemetrySession();
     constexpr auto user_system = Common::Telemetry::FieldType::UserSystem;
     telemetry_session.AddField(user_system, "GPU_Vendor", gpu_vendor);
     telemetry_session.AddField(user_system, "GPU_Model", gpu_model);
@@ -482,8 +483,8 @@ void RendererOpenGL::CreateRasterizer() {
     if (rasterizer) {
         return;
     }
-    rasterizer = std::make_unique<RasterizerOpenGL>(system, emu_window, device, screen_info,
+    rasterizer = std::make_unique<RasterizerOpenGL>(emu_window, gpu, cpu_memory, device,
-                                                    program_manager, state_tracker);
+                                                    screen_info, program_manager, state_tracker);
 }
 
 void RendererOpenGL::ConfigureFramebufferTexture(TextureInfo& texture,

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h

@@ -16,16 +16,25 @@
 
 namespace Core {
 class System;
-}
+class TelemetrySession;
+} // namespace Core
 
 namespace Core::Frontend {
 class EmuWindow;
 }
 
+namespace Core::Memory {
+class Memory;
+}
+
 namespace Layout {
 struct FramebufferLayout;
 }
 
+namespace Tegra {
+class GPU;
+}
+
 namespace OpenGL {
 
 /// Structure used for storing information about the textures for the Switch screen
@@ -56,7 +65,8 @@ class FrameMailbox;
 
 class RendererOpenGL final : public VideoCore::RendererBase {
 public:
-    explicit RendererOpenGL(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+    explicit RendererOpenGL(Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session,
+                            Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
                             Tegra::GPU& gpu,
                             std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context);
     ~RendererOpenGL() override;
@@ -94,12 +104,13 @@ private:
 
     bool Present(int timeout_ms);
 
-    Core::System& system;
+    Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session;
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window;
+    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory;
     Tegra::GPU& gpu;
-    const Device device;
 
-    StateTracker state_tracker{system};
+    const Device device;
+    StateTracker state_tracker{gpu};
 
     // OpenGL object IDs
     OGLBuffer vertex_buffer;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Common::DynamicLibrary OpenVulkanLibrary() {
     if (!library.Open(filename.c_str())) {
         // Android devices may not have libvulkan.so.1, only libvulkan.so.
         filename = Common::DynamicLibrary::GetVersionedFilename("vulkan");
-        library.Open(filename.c_str());
+        (void)library.Open(filename.c_str());
     }
 #endif
     return library;
@@ -237,10 +237,12 @@ std::string BuildCommaSeparatedExtensions(std::vector<std::string> available_ext
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-RendererVulkan::RendererVulkan(Core::System& system_, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+RendererVulkan::RendererVulkan(Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session_,
-                               Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
+                               Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+                               Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
                                std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context)
-    : RendererBase{emu_window, std::move(context)}, system{system_}, gpu{gpu_} {}
+    : RendererBase{emu_window, std::move(context)}, telemetry_session{telemetry_session_},
+      cpu_memory{cpu_memory_}, gpu{gpu_} {}
 
 RendererVulkan::~RendererVulkan() {
     ShutDown();
@@ -304,15 +306,15 @@ bool RendererVulkan::Init() {
     swapchain = std::make_unique<VKSwapchain>(*surface, *device);
     swapchain->Create(framebuffer.width, framebuffer.height, false);
 
-    state_tracker = std::make_unique<StateTracker>(system);
+    state_tracker = std::make_unique<StateTracker>(gpu);
 
     scheduler = std::make_unique<VKScheduler>(*device, *resource_manager, *state_tracker);
 
-    rasterizer = std::make_unique<RasterizerVulkan>(system, render_window, screen_info, *device,
+    rasterizer = std::make_unique<RasterizerVulkan>(
-                                                    *resource_manager, *memory_manager,
+        render_window, gpu, gpu.MemoryManager(), cpu_memory, screen_info, *device,
-                                                    *state_tracker, *scheduler);
+        *resource_manager, *memory_manager, *state_tracker, *scheduler);
 
-    blit_screen = std::make_unique<VKBlitScreen>(system, render_window, *rasterizer, *device,
+    blit_screen = std::make_unique<VKBlitScreen>(cpu_memory, render_window, *rasterizer, *device,
                                                  *resource_manager, *memory_manager, *swapchain,
                                                  *scheduler, screen_info);
 
@@ -440,8 +442,7 @@ void RendererVulkan::Report() const {
     LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Device: {}", model_name);
     LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Vulkan: {}", api_version);
 
-    auto& telemetry_session = system.TelemetrySession();
+    static constexpr auto field = Common::Telemetry::FieldType::UserSystem;
-    constexpr auto field = Common::Telemetry::FieldType::UserSystem;
     telemetry_session.AddField(field, "GPU_Vendor", vendor_name);
     telemetry_session.AddField(field, "GPU_Model", model_name);
     telemetry_session.AddField(field, "GPU_Vulkan_Driver", driver_name);

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h

@@ -14,7 +14,15 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Core {
-class System;
+class TelemetrySession;
+}
+
+namespace Core::Memory {
+class Memory;
+}
+
+namespace Tegra {
+class GPU;
 }
 
 namespace Vulkan {
@@ -38,7 +46,8 @@ struct VKScreenInfo {
 
 class RendererVulkan final : public VideoCore::RendererBase {
 public:
-    explicit RendererVulkan(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+    explicit RendererVulkan(Core::TelemetrySession& telemtry_session,
+                            Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
                             Tegra::GPU& gpu,
                             std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context);
     ~RendererVulkan() override;
@@ -59,7 +68,8 @@ private:
 
     void Report() const;
 
-    Core::System& system;
+    Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session;
+    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory;
     Tegra::GPU& gpu;
 
     Common::DynamicLibrary library;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.cpp

@@ -210,14 +210,16 @@ struct VKBlitScreen::BufferData {
     // Unaligned image data goes here
 };
 
-VKBlitScreen::VKBlitScreen(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window,
+VKBlitScreen::VKBlitScreen(Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_,
-                           VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, const VKDevice& device,
+                           Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window_,
-                           VKResourceManager& resource_manager, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
+                           VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_, const VKDevice& device_,
-                           VKSwapchain& swapchain, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+                           VKResourceManager& resource_manager_, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_,
-                           const VKScreenInfo& screen_info)
+                           VKSwapchain& swapchain_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-    : system{system}, render_window{render_window}, rasterizer{rasterizer}, device{device},
+                           const VKScreenInfo& screen_info_)
-      resource_manager{resource_manager}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, swapchain{swapchain},
+    : cpu_memory{cpu_memory_}, render_window{render_window_},
-      scheduler{scheduler}, image_count{swapchain.GetImageCount()}, screen_info{screen_info} {
+      rasterizer{rasterizer_}, device{device_}, resource_manager{resource_manager_},
+      memory_manager{memory_manager_}, swapchain{swapchain_}, scheduler{scheduler_},
+      image_count{swapchain.GetImageCount()}, screen_info{screen_info_} {
     watches.resize(image_count);
     std::generate(watches.begin(), watches.end(),
                   []() { return std::make_unique<VKFenceWatch>(); });
@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ std::tuple<VKFence&, VkSemaphore> VKBlitScreen::Draw(const Tegra::FramebufferCon
         const auto pixel_format =
             VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromGPUPixelFormat(framebuffer.pixel_format);
         const VAddr framebuffer_addr = framebuffer.address + framebuffer.offset;
-        const auto host_ptr = system.Memory().GetPointer(framebuffer_addr);
+        const auto host_ptr = cpu_memory.GetPointer(framebuffer_addr);
         rasterizer.FlushRegion(ToCacheAddr(host_ptr), GetSizeInBytes(framebuffer));
 
         // TODO(Rodrigo): Read this from HLE

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.h

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ namespace Core {
 class System;
 }
 
+namespace Core::Memory {
+class Memory;
+}
+
 namespace Core::Frontend {
 class EmuWindow;
 }
@@ -39,7 +43,8 @@ class VKSwapchain;
 
 class VKBlitScreen final {
 public:
-    explicit VKBlitScreen(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window,
+    explicit VKBlitScreen(Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
+                          Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window,
                           VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, const VKDevice& device,
                           VKResourceManager& resource_manager, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
                           VKSwapchain& swapchain, VKScheduler& scheduler,
@@ -81,7 +86,7 @@ private:
     u64 GetRawImageOffset(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer,
                           std::size_t image_index) const;
 
-    Core::System& system;
+    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory;
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window;
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
     const VKDevice& device;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -145,14 +145,15 @@ void Buffer::CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst
     });
 }
 
-VKBufferCache::VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+VKBufferCache::VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                             const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
+                             Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
-                             VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool)
+                             const VKDevice& device_, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_,
-    : VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, VkBuffer, VKStreamBuffer>{rasterizer, system,
+                             VKScheduler& scheduler_, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool_)
-                                                                 CreateStreamBuffer(device,
+    : VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, VkBuffer, VKStreamBuffer>{rasterizer, gpu_memory, cpu_memory,
-                                                                                    scheduler)},
+                                                                 CreateStreamBuffer(device_,
-      device{device}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, scheduler{scheduler}, staging_pool{
+                                                                                    scheduler_)},
-                                                                                staging_pool} {}
+      device{device_}, memory_manager{memory_manager_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_pool{
+                                                                                   staging_pool_} {}
 
 VKBufferCache::~VKBufferCache() = default;
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h

@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/wrapper.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
-}
-
 namespace Vulkan {
 
 class VKDevice;
@@ -53,7 +49,8 @@ private:
 
 class VKBufferCache final : public VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, VkBuffer, VKStreamBuffer> {
 public:
-    explicit VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+    explicit VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                           Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
                            const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
                            VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool);
     ~VKBufferCache();

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_fence_manager.cpp

@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ bool InnerFence::IsEventSignalled() const {
     }
 }
 
-VKFenceManager::VKFenceManager(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+VKFenceManager::VKFenceManager(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
-                               const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+                               Tegra::MemoryManager& memory_manager, VKTextureCache& texture_cache,
-                               VKTextureCache& texture_cache, VKBufferCache& buffer_cache,
+                               VKBufferCache& buffer_cache, VKQueryCache& query_cache,
-                               VKQueryCache& query_cache)
+                               const VKDevice& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_)
-    : GenericFenceManager(system, rasterizer, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache),
+    : GenericFenceManager(rasterizer, gpu, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache),
-      device{device}, scheduler{scheduler} {}
+      device{device_}, scheduler{scheduler_} {}
 
 Fence VKFenceManager::CreateFence(u32 value, bool is_stubbed) {
     return std::make_shared<InnerFence>(device, scheduler, value, is_stubbed);

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_fence_manager.h

@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ using GenericFenceManager =
 
 class VKFenceManager final : public GenericFenceManager {
 public:
-    explicit VKFenceManager(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+    explicit VKFenceManager(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
-                            const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+                            Tegra::MemoryManager& memory_manager, VKTextureCache& texture_cache,
-                            VKTextureCache& texture_cache, VKBufferCache& buffer_cache,
+                            VKBufferCache& buffer_cache, VKQueryCache& query_cache,
-                            VKQueryCache& query_cache);
+                            const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler);
 
 protected:
     Fence CreateFence(u32 value, bool is_stubbed) override;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.cpp

@@ -135,64 +135,56 @@ bool ComputePipelineCacheKey::operator==(const ComputePipelineCacheKey& rhs) con
     return std::memcmp(&rhs, this, sizeof *this) == 0;
 }
 
-Shader::Shader(Core::System& system, Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+Shader::Shader(Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferEngineInterface& engine, Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage,
-               VideoCommon::Shader::ProgramCode program_code, u32 main_offset)
+               GPUVAddr gpu_addr_, VAddr cpu_addr, VideoCommon::Shader::ProgramCode program_code_,
-    : gpu_addr{gpu_addr}, program_code{std::move(program_code)},
+               u32 main_offset)
-      registry{stage, GetEngine(system, stage)}, shader_ir{this->program_code, main_offset,
+    : gpu_addr(gpu_addr_), program_code(std::move(program_code_)), registry(stage, engine),
-                                                           compiler_settings, registry},
+      shader_ir(program_code, main_offset, compiler_settings, registry),
-      entries{GenerateShaderEntries(shader_ir)} {}
+      entries(GenerateShaderEntries(shader_ir)) {}
 
 Shader::~Shader() = default;
 
-Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferEngineInterface& Shader::GetEngine(Core::System& system,
+VKPipelineCache::VKPipelineCache(RasterizerVulkan& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
-                                                              Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage) {
+                                 Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_,
-    if (stage == ShaderType::Compute) {
+                                 Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute_,
-        return system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
+                                 Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, const VKDevice& device_,
-    } else {
+                                 VKScheduler& scheduler_, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
-        return system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+                                 VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_,
-    }
+                                 VKRenderPassCache& renderpass_cache_)
-}
+    : VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader>{rasterizer}, gpu{gpu_}, maxwell3d{maxwell3d_},
-
+      kepler_compute{kepler_compute_}, gpu_memory{gpu_memory_}, device{device_},
-VKPipelineCache::VKPipelineCache(Core::System& system, RasterizerVulkan& rasterizer,
+      scheduler{scheduler_}, descriptor_pool{descriptor_pool_},
-                                 const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+      update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue_}, renderpass_cache{renderpass_cache_} {}
-                                 VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
-                                 VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue,
-                                 VKRenderPassCache& renderpass_cache)
-    : VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader>{rasterizer}, system{system}, device{device},
-      scheduler{scheduler}, descriptor_pool{descriptor_pool},
-      update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue}, renderpass_cache{renderpass_cache} {}
 
 VKPipelineCache::~VKPipelineCache() = default;
 
 std::array<Shader*, Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram> VKPipelineCache::GetShaders() {
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-
     std::array<Shader*, Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram> shaders{};
+
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram; ++index) {
         const auto program{static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderProgram>(index)};
 
         // Skip stages that are not enabled
-        if (!gpu.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
+        if (!maxwell3d.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        auto& memory_manager{system.GPU().MemoryManager()};
+        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{GetShaderAddress(maxwell3d, program)};
-        const GPUVAddr program_addr{GetShaderAddress(system, program)};
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-        const std::optional cpu_addr = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(program_addr);
         ASSERT(cpu_addr);
 
         Shader* result = cpu_addr ? TryGet(*cpu_addr) : null_shader.get();
         if (!result) {
-            const auto host_ptr{memory_manager.GetPointer(program_addr)};
+            const u8* const host_ptr{gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr)};
 
             // No shader found - create a new one
-            constexpr u32 stage_offset = STAGE_MAIN_OFFSET;
+            static constexpr u32 stage_offset = STAGE_MAIN_OFFSET;
             const auto stage = static_cast<ShaderType>(index == 0 ? 0 : index - 1);
-            ProgramCode code = GetShaderCode(memory_manager, program_addr, host_ptr, false);
+            ProgramCode code = GetShaderCode(gpu_memory, gpu_addr, host_ptr, false);
             const std::size_t size_in_bytes = code.size() * sizeof(u64);
 
-            auto shader = std::make_unique<Shader>(system, stage, program_addr, std::move(code),
+            auto shader = std::make_unique<Shader>(maxwell3d, stage, gpu_addr, *cpu_addr,
-                                                   stage_offset);
+                                                   std::move(code), stage_offset);
             result = shader.get();
 
             if (cpu_addr) {
@@ -215,11 +207,11 @@ VKGraphicsPipeline* VKPipelineCache::GetGraphicsPipeline(
     }
     last_graphics_key = key;
 
-    if (device.UseAsynchronousShaders() && async_shaders.IsShaderAsync(system.GPU())) {
+    if (device.UseAsynchronousShaders() && async_shaders.IsShaderAsync(gpu)) {
         std::unique_lock lock{pipeline_cache};
         const auto [pair, is_cache_miss] = graphics_cache.try_emplace(key);
         if (is_cache_miss) {
-            system.GPU().ShaderNotify().MarkSharderBuilding();
+            gpu.ShaderNotify().MarkSharderBuilding();
             LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Compile 0x{:016X}", key.Hash());
             const auto [program, bindings] = DecompileShaders(key.fixed_state);
             async_shaders.QueueVulkanShader(this, device, scheduler, descriptor_pool,
@@ -233,13 +225,13 @@ VKGraphicsPipeline* VKPipelineCache::GetGraphicsPipeline(
     const auto [pair, is_cache_miss] = graphics_cache.try_emplace(key);
     auto& entry = pair->second;
     if (is_cache_miss) {
-        system.GPU().ShaderNotify().MarkSharderBuilding();
+        gpu.ShaderNotify().MarkSharderBuilding();
         LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Compile 0x{:016X}", key.Hash());
         const auto [program, bindings] = DecompileShaders(key.fixed_state);
         entry = std::make_unique<VKGraphicsPipeline>(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool,
                                                      update_descriptor_queue, renderpass_cache, key,
                                                      bindings, program);
-        system.GPU().ShaderNotify().MarkShaderComplete();
+        gpu.ShaderNotify().MarkShaderComplete();
     }
     last_graphics_pipeline = entry.get();
     return last_graphics_pipeline;
@@ -255,22 +247,21 @@ VKComputePipeline& VKPipelineCache::GetComputePipeline(const ComputePipelineCach
     }
     LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Compile 0x{:016X}", key.Hash());
 
-    auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
+    const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = key.shader;
-    const auto program_addr = key.shader;
 
-    const auto cpu_addr = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(program_addr);
+    const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
     ASSERT(cpu_addr);
 
     Shader* shader = cpu_addr ? TryGet(*cpu_addr) : null_kernel.get();
     if (!shader) {
         // No shader found - create a new one
-        const auto host_ptr = memory_manager.GetPointer(program_addr);
+        const auto host_ptr = gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
 
-        ProgramCode code = GetShaderCode(memory_manager, program_addr, host_ptr, true);
+        ProgramCode code = GetShaderCode(gpu_memory, gpu_addr, host_ptr, true);
         const std::size_t size_in_bytes = code.size() * sizeof(u64);
 
-        auto shader_info = std::make_unique<Shader>(system, ShaderType::Compute, program_addr,
+        auto shader_info = std::make_unique<Shader>(kepler_compute, ShaderType::Compute, gpu_addr,
-                                                    std::move(code), KERNEL_MAIN_OFFSET);
+                                                    *cpu_addr, std::move(code), KERNEL_MAIN_OFFSET);
         shader = shader_info.get();
 
         if (cpu_addr) {
@@ -298,7 +289,7 @@ VKComputePipeline& VKPipelineCache::GetComputePipeline(const ComputePipelineCach
 }
 
 void VKPipelineCache::EmplacePipeline(std::unique_ptr<VKGraphicsPipeline> pipeline) {
-    system.GPU().ShaderNotify().MarkShaderComplete();
+    gpu.ShaderNotify().MarkShaderComplete();
     std::unique_lock lock{pipeline_cache};
     graphics_cache.at(pipeline->GetCacheKey()) = std::move(pipeline);
 }
@@ -339,9 +330,6 @@ void VKPipelineCache::OnShaderRemoval(Shader* shader) {
 
 std::pair<SPIRVProgram, std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding>>
 VKPipelineCache::DecompileShaders(const FixedPipelineState& fixed_state) {
-    auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-
     Specialization specialization;
     if (fixed_state.dynamic_state.Topology() == Maxwell::PrimitiveTopology::Points ||
         device.IsExtExtendedDynamicStateSupported()) {
@@ -364,12 +352,12 @@ VKPipelineCache::DecompileShaders(const FixedPipelineState& fixed_state) {
         const auto program_enum = static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderProgram>(index);
 
         // Skip stages that are not enabled
-        if (!gpu.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
+        if (!maxwell3d.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = GetShaderAddress(system, program_enum);
+        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = GetShaderAddress(maxwell3d, program_enum);
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         Shader* const shader = cpu_addr ? TryGet(*cpu_addr) : null_shader.get();
 
         const std::size_t stage = index == 0 ? 0 : index - 1; // Stage indices are 0 - 5

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.h

@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ namespace Vulkan {
 
 class Shader {
 public:
-    explicit Shader(Core::System& system, Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+    explicit Shader(Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferEngineInterface& engine,
+                    Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VAddr cpu_addr,
                     VideoCommon::Shader::ProgramCode program_code, u32 main_offset);
     ~Shader();
 
@@ -97,22 +98,19 @@ public:
         return shader_ir;
     }
 
-    const VideoCommon::Shader::Registry& GetRegistry() const {
-        return registry;
-    }
-
     const VideoCommon::Shader::ShaderIR& GetIR() const {
         return shader_ir;
     }
 
+    const VideoCommon::Shader::Registry& GetRegistry() const {
+        return registry;
+    }
+
     const ShaderEntries& GetEntries() const {
         return entries;
     }
 
 private:
-    static Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferEngineInterface& GetEngine(Core::System& system,
-                                                                 Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage);
-
     GPUVAddr gpu_addr{};
     VideoCommon::Shader::ProgramCode program_code;
     VideoCommon::Shader::Registry registry;
@@ -122,9 +120,11 @@ private:
 
 class VKPipelineCache final : public VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader> {
 public:
-    explicit VKPipelineCache(Core::System& system, RasterizerVulkan& rasterizer,
+    explicit VKPipelineCache(RasterizerVulkan& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
-                             const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+                             Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
-                             VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
+                             Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute,
+                             Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const VKDevice& device,
+                             VKScheduler& scheduler, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
                              VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue,
                              VKRenderPassCache& renderpass_cache);
     ~VKPipelineCache() override;
@@ -145,7 +145,11 @@ private:
     std::pair<SPIRVProgram, std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding>> DecompileShaders(
         const FixedPipelineState& fixed_state);
 
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+
     const VKDevice& device;
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
     VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_query_cache.cpp

@@ -68,10 +68,11 @@ void QueryPool::Reserve(std::pair<VkQueryPool, u32> query) {
     usage[pool_index * GROW_STEP + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(query.second)] = false;
 }
 
-VKQueryCache::VKQueryCache(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+VKQueryCache::VKQueryCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                           Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory,
                            const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler)
     : VideoCommon::QueryCacheBase<VKQueryCache, CachedQuery, CounterStream, HostCounter,
-                                  QueryPool>{system, rasterizer},
+                                  QueryPool>{rasterizer, maxwell3d, gpu_memory},
       device{device}, scheduler{scheduler} {
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<std::size_t>(VideoCore::NumQueryTypes); ++i) {
         query_pools[i].Initialize(device, static_cast<VideoCore::QueryType>(i));

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_query_cache.h

@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ class VKQueryCache final
     : public VideoCommon::QueryCacheBase<VKQueryCache, CachedQuery, CounterStream, HostCounter,
                                          QueryPool> {
 public:
-    explicit VKQueryCache(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+    explicit VKQueryCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                          Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory,
                           const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler);
     ~VKQueryCache();
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -381,28 +381,30 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::DrawParameters::Draw(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) const {
     }
 }
 
-RasterizerVulkan::RasterizerVulkan(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& renderer,
+RasterizerVulkan::RasterizerVulkan(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
-                                   VKScreenInfo& screen_info, const VKDevice& device,
+                                   Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_,
-                                   VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
+                                   Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory, VKScreenInfo& screen_info_,
-                                   VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, StateTracker& state_tracker,
+                                   const VKDevice& device_, VKResourceManager& resource_manager_,
-                                   VKScheduler& scheduler)
+                                   VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_, StateTracker& state_tracker_,
-    : RasterizerAccelerated{system.Memory()}, system{system}, render_window{renderer},
+                                   VKScheduler& scheduler_)
-      screen_info{screen_info}, device{device}, resource_manager{resource_manager},
+    : RasterizerAccelerated(cpu_memory), gpu(gpu_), gpu_memory(gpu_memory_),
-      memory_manager{memory_manager}, state_tracker{state_tracker}, scheduler{scheduler},
+      maxwell3d(gpu.Maxwell3D()), kepler_compute(gpu.KeplerCompute()), screen_info(screen_info_),
+      device(device_), resource_manager(resource_manager_), memory_manager(memory_manager_),
+      state_tracker(state_tracker_), scheduler(scheduler_),
       staging_pool(device, memory_manager, scheduler), descriptor_pool(device),
       update_descriptor_queue(device, scheduler), renderpass_cache(device),
       quad_array_pass(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
       quad_indexed_pass(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
       uint8_pass(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
-      texture_cache(system, *this, device, resource_manager, memory_manager, scheduler,
+      texture_cache(*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device, resource_manager, memory_manager,
-                    staging_pool),
+                    scheduler, staging_pool),
-      pipeline_cache(system, *this, device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, update_descriptor_queue,
+      pipeline_cache(*this, gpu, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, device, scheduler,
-                     renderpass_cache),
+                     descriptor_pool, update_descriptor_queue, renderpass_cache),
-      buffer_cache(*this, system, device, memory_manager, scheduler, staging_pool),
+      buffer_cache(*this, gpu_memory, cpu_memory, device, memory_manager, scheduler, staging_pool),
-      sampler_cache(device),
+      sampler_cache(device), query_cache(*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device, scheduler),
-      fence_manager(system, *this, device, scheduler, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache),
+      fence_manager(*this, gpu, gpu_memory, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache, device,
-      query_cache(system, *this, device, scheduler),
+                    scheduler),
-      wfi_event{device.GetLogical().CreateNewEvent()}, async_shaders{renderer} {
+      wfi_event(device.GetLogical().CreateNewEvent()), async_shaders(emu_window) {
     scheduler.SetQueryCache(query_cache);
     if (device.UseAsynchronousShaders()) {
         async_shaders.AllocateWorkers();
@@ -414,15 +416,13 @@ RasterizerVulkan::~RasterizerVulkan() = default;
 void RasterizerVulkan::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Drawing);
 
+    SCOPE_EXIT({ gpu.TickWork(); });
     FlushWork();
 
     query_cache.UpdateCounters();
 
-    SCOPE_EXIT({ system.GPU().TickWork(); });
-
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     GraphicsPipelineCacheKey key;
-    key.fixed_state.Fill(gpu.regs, device.IsExtExtendedDynamicStateSupported());
+    key.fixed_state.Fill(maxwell3d.regs, device.IsExtExtendedDynamicStateSupported());
 
     buffer_cache.Map(CalculateGraphicsStreamBufferSize(is_indexed));
 
@@ -480,8 +480,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 void RasterizerVulkan::Clear() {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Clearing);
 
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    if (!maxwell3d.ShouldExecute()) {
-    if (!system.GPU().Maxwell3D().ShouldExecute()) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -490,7 +489,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Clear() {
 
     query_cache.UpdateCounters();
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     const bool use_color = regs.clear_buffers.R || regs.clear_buffers.G || regs.clear_buffers.B ||
                            regs.clear_buffers.A;
     const bool use_depth = regs.clear_buffers.Z;
@@ -559,7 +558,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
 
     query_cache.UpdateCounters();
 
-    const auto& launch_desc = system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description;
+    const auto& launch_desc = kepler_compute.launch_description;
     auto& pipeline = pipeline_cache.GetComputePipeline({
         .shader = code_addr,
         .shared_memory_size = launch_desc.shared_alloc,
@@ -655,16 +654,14 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SyncGuestHost() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SignalSemaphore(GPUVAddr addr, u32 value) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
-        gpu.MemoryManager().Write<u32>(addr, value);
+        gpu_memory.Write<u32>(addr, value);
         return;
     }
     fence_manager.SignalSemaphore(addr, value);
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SignalSyncPoint(u32 value) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
         gpu.IncrementSyncPoint(value);
         return;
@@ -673,7 +670,6 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SignalSyncPoint(u32 value) {
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::ReleaseFences() {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -751,10 +747,6 @@ bool RasterizerVulkan::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
     return true;
 }
 
-void RasterizerVulkan::SetupDirtyFlags() {
-    state_tracker.Initialize();
-}
-
 void RasterizerVulkan::FlushWork() {
     static constexpr u32 DRAWS_TO_DISPATCH = 4096;
 
@@ -778,10 +770,9 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::FlushWork() {
 
 RasterizerVulkan::Texceptions RasterizerVulkan::UpdateAttachments(bool is_clear) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_RenderTargets);
-    auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
+    auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     const bool update_rendertargets = dirty[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets];
     dirty[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets] = false;
 
@@ -844,7 +835,7 @@ std::tuple<VkFramebuffer, VkExtent2D> RasterizerVulkan::ConfigureFramebuffers(
         return true;
     };
 
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     const std::size_t num_attachments = static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.rt_control.count);
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < num_attachments; ++index) {
         if (try_push(color_attachments[index])) {
@@ -880,13 +871,12 @@ RasterizerVulkan::DrawParameters RasterizerVulkan::SetupGeometry(FixedPipelineSt
                                                                  bool is_instanced) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Geometry);
 
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
 
     SetupVertexArrays(buffer_bindings);
 
     const u32 base_instance = regs.vb_base_instance;
-    const u32 num_instances = is_instanced ? gpu.mme_draw.instance_count : 1;
+    const u32 num_instances = is_instanced ? maxwell3d.mme_draw.instance_count : 1;
     const u32 base_vertex = is_indexed ? regs.vb_element_base : regs.vertex_buffer.first;
     const u32 num_vertices = is_indexed ? regs.index_array.count : regs.vertex_buffer.count;
 
@@ -947,7 +937,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupImageTransitions(
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDynamicStates() {
-    auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     UpdateViewportsState(regs);
     UpdateScissorsState(regs);
     UpdateDepthBias(regs);
@@ -968,7 +958,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDynamicStates() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::BeginTransformFeedback() {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.tfb_enabled == 0) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1000,7 +990,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::BeginTransformFeedback() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::EndTransformFeedback() {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.tfb_enabled == 0) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1013,7 +1003,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::EndTransformFeedback() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupVertexArrays(BufferBindings& buffer_bindings) {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
         const auto& vertex_array = regs.vertex_array[index];
@@ -1039,7 +1029,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupIndexBuffer(BufferBindings& buffer_bindings, DrawPar
     if (params.num_vertices == 0) {
         return;
     }
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     switch (regs.draw.topology) {
     case Maxwell::PrimitiveTopology::Quads: {
         if (!params.is_indexed) {
@@ -1087,8 +1077,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupIndexBuffer(BufferBindings& buffer_bindings, DrawPar
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsConstBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_ConstBuffers);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+    const auto& shader_stage = maxwell3d.state.shader_stages[stage];
-    const auto& shader_stage = gpu.state.shader_stages[stage];
     for (const auto& entry : entries.const_buffers) {
         SetupConstBuffer(entry, shader_stage.const_buffers[entry.GetIndex()]);
     }
@@ -1096,8 +1085,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsConstBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries, s
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsGlobalBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_GlobalBuffers);
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
+    const auto& cbufs{maxwell3d.state.shader_stages[stage]};
-    const auto cbufs{gpu.Maxwell3D().state.shader_stages[stage]};
 
     for (const auto& entry : entries.global_buffers) {
         const auto addr = cbufs.const_buffers[entry.GetCbufIndex()].address + entry.GetCbufOffset();
@@ -1107,19 +1095,17 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsGlobalBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries,
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsUniformTexels(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.uniform_texels) {
-        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, stage).tic;
+        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, stage).tic;
         SetupUniformTexels(image, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsTextures(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.samplers) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entry.size; ++i) {
-            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, stage, i);
+            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, stage, i);
             SetupTexture(texture, entry);
         }
     }
@@ -1127,25 +1113,23 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsTextures(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsStorageTexels(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.storage_texels) {
-        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, stage).tic;
+        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, stage).tic;
         SetupStorageTexel(image, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsImages(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Images);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.images) {
-        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, stage).tic;
+        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, stage).tic;
         SetupImage(tic, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeConstBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_ConstBuffers);
-    const auto& launch_desc = system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description;
+    const auto& launch_desc = kepler_compute.launch_description;
     for (const auto& entry : entries.const_buffers) {
         const auto& config = launch_desc.const_buffer_config[entry.GetIndex()];
         const std::bitset<8> mask = launch_desc.const_buffer_enable_mask.Value();
@@ -1159,7 +1143,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeConstBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeGlobalBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_GlobalBuffers);
-    const auto cbufs{system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description.const_buffer_config};
+    const auto& cbufs{kepler_compute.launch_description.const_buffer_config};
     for (const auto& entry : entries.global_buffers) {
         const auto addr{cbufs[entry.GetCbufIndex()].Address() + entry.GetCbufOffset()};
         SetupGlobalBuffer(entry, addr);
@@ -1168,19 +1152,17 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeGlobalBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeUniformTexels(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.uniform_texels) {
-        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
+        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
         SetupUniformTexels(image, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeTextures(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.samplers) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entry.size; ++i) {
-            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, ComputeShaderIndex, i);
+            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ComputeShaderIndex, i);
             SetupTexture(texture, entry);
         }
     }
@@ -1188,18 +1170,16 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeTextures(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeStorageTexels(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.storage_texels) {
-        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
+        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
         SetupStorageTexel(image, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeImages(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Images);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.images) {
-        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
+        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
         SetupImage(tic, entry);
     }
 }
@@ -1223,9 +1203,8 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupConstBuffer(const ConstBufferEntry& entry,
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGlobalBuffer(const GlobalBufferEntry& entry, GPUVAddr address) {
-    auto& memory_manager{system.GPU().MemoryManager()};
+    const u64 actual_addr = gpu_memory.Read<u64>(address);
-    const auto actual_addr = memory_manager.Read<u64>(address);
+    const u32 size = gpu_memory.Read<u32>(address + 8);
-    const auto size = memory_manager.Read<u32>(address + 8);
 
     if (size == 0) {
         // Sometimes global memory pointers don't have a proper size. Upload a dummy entry
@@ -1508,7 +1487,7 @@ std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateComputeStreamBufferSize() const {
 }
 
 std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateVertexArraysSize() const {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     std::size_t size = 0;
     for (u32 index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
@@ -1523,9 +1502,8 @@ std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateVertexArraysSize() const {
 }
 
 std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateIndexBufferSize() const {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    return static_cast<std::size_t>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count) *
-    return static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.index_array.count) *
+           static_cast<std::size_t>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes());
-           static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes());
 }
 
 std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateConstBufferSize(
@@ -1540,7 +1518,7 @@ std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateConstBufferSize(
 }
 
 RenderPassParams RasterizerVulkan::GetRenderPassParams(Texceptions texceptions) const {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     const std::size_t num_attachments = static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.rt_control.count);
 
     RenderPassParams params;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h

@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ struct ImageView {
 
 class RasterizerVulkan final : public VideoCore::RasterizerAccelerated {
 public:
-    explicit RasterizerVulkan(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window,
+    explicit RasterizerVulkan(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
+                              Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
                               VKScreenInfo& screen_info, const VKDevice& device,
                               VKResourceManager& resource_manager, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
                               StateTracker& state_tracker, VKScheduler& scheduler);
@@ -135,7 +136,6 @@ public:
                                const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy_config) override;
     bool AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config, VAddr framebuffer_addr,
                            u32 pixel_stride) override;
-    void SetupDirtyFlags() override;
 
     VideoCommon::Shader::AsyncShaders& GetAsyncShaders() {
         return async_shaders;
@@ -279,8 +279,11 @@ private:
 
     VkBuffer DefaultBuffer();
 
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
-    Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute;
+
     VKScreenInfo& screen_info;
     const VKDevice& device;
     VKResourceManager& resource_manager;
@@ -300,8 +303,8 @@ private:
     VKPipelineCache pipeline_cache;
     VKBufferCache buffer_cache;
     VKSamplerCache sampler_cache;
-    VKFenceManager fence_manager;
     VKQueryCache query_cache;
+    VKFenceManager fence_manager;
 
     vk::Buffer default_buffer;
     VKMemoryCommit default_buffer_commit;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_state_tracker.cpp

@@ -132,12 +132,9 @@ void SetupDirtyStencilTestEnable(Tables& tables) {
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-StateTracker::StateTracker(Core::System& system)
+StateTracker::StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu)
-    : system{system}, invalidation_flags{MakeInvalidationFlags()} {}
+    : flags{gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty.flags}, invalidation_flags{MakeInvalidationFlags()} {
-
+    auto& tables = gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty.tables;
-void StateTracker::Initialize() {
-    auto& dirty = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty;
-    auto& tables = dirty.tables;
     SetupDirtyRenderTargets(tables);
     SetupDirtyViewports(tables);
     SetupDirtyScissors(tables);
@@ -155,9 +152,4 @@ void StateTracker::Initialize() {
     SetupDirtyStencilTestEnable(tables);
 }
 
-void StateTracker::InvalidateCommandBufferState() {
-    system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags |= invalidation_flags;
-    current_topology = INVALID_TOPOLOGY;
-}
-
 } // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_state_tracker.h

@@ -45,11 +45,12 @@ class StateTracker {
     using Maxwell = Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs;
 
 public:
-    explicit StateTracker(Core::System& system);
+    explicit StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu);
 
-    void Initialize();
+    void InvalidateCommandBufferState() {
-
+        flags |= invalidation_flags;
-    void InvalidateCommandBufferState();
+        current_topology = INVALID_TOPOLOGY;
+    }
 
     bool TouchViewports() {
         return Exchange(Dirty::Viewports, false);
@@ -121,13 +122,12 @@ private:
     static constexpr auto INVALID_TOPOLOGY = static_cast<Maxwell::PrimitiveTopology>(~0u);
 
     bool Exchange(std::size_t id, bool new_value) const noexcept {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         const bool is_dirty = flags[id];
         flags[id] = new_value;
         return is_dirty;
     }
 
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::DirtyState::Flags& flags;
     Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::DirtyState::Flags invalidation_flags;
     Maxwell::PrimitiveTopology current_topology = INVALID_TOPOLOGY;
 };

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.cpp

@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ u32 GetMemoryType(const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties& properties,
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-VKStreamBuffer::VKStreamBuffer(const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+VKStreamBuffer::VKStreamBuffer(const VKDevice& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
                                VkBufferUsageFlags usage)
-    : device{device}, scheduler{scheduler} {
+    : device{device_}, scheduler{scheduler_} {
     CreateBuffers(usage);
     ReserveWatches(current_watches, WATCHES_INITIAL_RESERVE);
     ReserveWatches(previous_watches, WATCHES_INITIAL_RESERVE);

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp

@@ -188,13 +188,13 @@ u32 EncodeSwizzle(Tegra::Texture::SwizzleSource x_source, Tegra::Texture::Swizzl
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-CachedSurface::CachedSurface(Core::System& system, const VKDevice& device,
+CachedSurface::CachedSurface(const VKDevice& device, VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
-                             VKResourceManager& resource_manager, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
+                             VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler,
-                             VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool,
+                             VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
-                             GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params)
+                             const SurfaceParams& params)
-    : SurfaceBase<View>{gpu_addr, params, device.IsOptimalAstcSupported()}, system{system},
+    : SurfaceBase<View>{gpu_addr, params, device.IsOptimalAstcSupported()}, device{device},
-      device{device}, resource_manager{resource_manager},
+      resource_manager{resource_manager}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, scheduler{scheduler},
-      memory_manager{memory_manager}, scheduler{scheduler}, staging_pool{staging_pool} {
+      staging_pool{staging_pool} {
     if (params.IsBuffer()) {
         buffer = CreateBuffer(device, params, host_memory_size);
         commit = memory_manager.Commit(buffer, false);
@@ -490,19 +490,21 @@ VkImageView CachedSurfaceView::GetAttachment() {
     return *render_target;
 }
 
-VKTextureCache::VKTextureCache(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+VKTextureCache::VKTextureCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                               const VKDevice& device, VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
+                               Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
-                               VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+                               Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const VKDevice& device_,
-                               VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool)
+                               VKResourceManager& resource_manager_,
-    : TextureCache(system, rasterizer, device.IsOptimalAstcSupported()), device{device},
+                               VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-      resource_manager{resource_manager}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, scheduler{scheduler},
+                               VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool_)
-      staging_pool{staging_pool} {}
+    : TextureCache(rasterizer, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device_.IsOptimalAstcSupported()),
+      device{device_}, resource_manager{resource_manager_},
+      memory_manager{memory_manager_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_pool{staging_pool_} {}
 
 VKTextureCache::~VKTextureCache() = default;
 
 Surface VKTextureCache::CreateSurface(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params) {
-    return std::make_shared<CachedSurface>(system, device, resource_manager, memory_manager,
+    return std::make_shared<CachedSurface>(device, resource_manager, memory_manager, scheduler,
-                                           scheduler, staging_pool, gpu_addr, params);
+                                           staging_pool, gpu_addr, params);
 }
 
 void VKTextureCache::ImageCopy(Surface& src_surface, Surface& dst_surface,

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h

@@ -15,10 +15,6 @@
 #include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h"
 #include "video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
-}
-
 namespace VideoCore {
 class RasterizerInterface;
 }
@@ -45,10 +41,10 @@ class CachedSurface final : public VideoCommon::SurfaceBase<View> {
     friend CachedSurfaceView;
 
 public:
-    explicit CachedSurface(Core::System& system, const VKDevice& device,
+    explicit CachedSurface(const VKDevice& device, VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
-                           VKResourceManager& resource_manager, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
+                           VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler,
-                           VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool,
+                           VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
-                           GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params);
+                           const SurfaceParams& params);
     ~CachedSurface();
 
     void UploadTexture(const std::vector<u8>& staging_buffer) override;
@@ -101,7 +97,6 @@ private:
 
     VkImageSubresourceRange GetImageSubresourceRange() const;
 
-    Core::System& system;
     const VKDevice& device;
     VKResourceManager& resource_manager;
     VKMemoryManager& memory_manager;
@@ -201,7 +196,8 @@ private:
 
 class VKTextureCache final : public TextureCacheBase {
 public:
-    explicit VKTextureCache(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+    explicit VKTextureCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                            Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory,
                             const VKDevice& device, VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
                             VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler,
                             VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool);

src/video_core/shader/memory_util.cpp

@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@
 
 namespace VideoCommon::Shader {
 
-GPUVAddr GetShaderAddress(Core::System& system,
+GPUVAddr GetShaderAddress(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
                           Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::ShaderProgram program) {
-    const auto& gpu{system.GPU().Maxwell3D()};
+    const auto& shader_config{maxwell3d.regs.shader_config[static_cast<std::size_t>(program)]};
-    const auto& shader_config{gpu.regs.shader_config[static_cast<std::size_t>(program)]};
+    return maxwell3d.regs.code_address.CodeAddress() + shader_config.offset;
-    return gpu.regs.code_address.CodeAddress() + shader_config.offset;
 }
 
 bool IsSchedInstruction(std::size_t offset, std::size_t main_offset) {

src/video_core/shader/memory_util.h

@@ -11,10 +11,6 @@
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/shader_type.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
-}
-
 namespace Tegra {
 class MemoryManager;
 }
@@ -27,7 +23,7 @@ constexpr u32 STAGE_MAIN_OFFSET = 10;
 constexpr u32 KERNEL_MAIN_OFFSET = 0;
 
 /// Gets the address for the specified shader stage program
-GPUVAddr GetShaderAddress(Core::System& system,
+GPUVAddr GetShaderAddress(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
                           Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::ShaderProgram program);
 
 /// Gets if the current instruction offset is a scheduler instruction

src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.cpp

@@ -163,13 +163,11 @@ SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForImage(const FormatLookupTable& lookup_tabl
     return params;
 }
 
-SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(Core::System& system) {
+SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d) {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
-
     const auto block_depth = std::min(regs.zeta.memory_layout.block_depth.Value(), 5U);
     const bool is_layered = regs.zeta_layers > 1 && block_depth == 0;
     const auto pixel_format = PixelFormatFromDepthFormat(regs.zeta.format);
-
     return {
         .is_tiled = regs.zeta.memory_layout.type ==
                     Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::InvMemoryLayout::BlockLinear,
@@ -191,8 +189,9 @@ SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(Core::System& system) {
     };
 }
 
-SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(Core::System& system, std::size_t index) {
+SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
-    const auto& config{system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs.rt[index]};
+                                                  std::size_t index) {
+    const auto& config{maxwell3d.regs.rt[index]};
     SurfaceParams params;
     params.is_tiled =
         config.memory_layout.type == Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::InvMemoryLayout::BlockLinear;

src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.h

@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@ public:
                                         const VideoCommon::Shader::Image& entry);
 
     /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams for a depth buffer configuration.
-    static SurfaceParams CreateForDepthBuffer(Core::System& system);
+    static SurfaceParams CreateForDepthBuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d);
 
     /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams from a framebuffer configuration.
-    static SurfaceParams CreateForFramebuffer(Core::System& system, std::size_t index);
+    static SurfaceParams CreateForFramebuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                                              std::size_t index);
 
     /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams from a Fermi2D surface configuration.
     static SurfaceParams CreateForFermiCopySurface(

src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h

@@ -135,8 +135,7 @@ public:
             return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
         }
 
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
         }
@@ -160,8 +159,7 @@ public:
         if (!gpu_addr) {
             return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
         }
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
         }
@@ -183,11 +181,11 @@ public:
 
     TView GetDepthBufferSurface(bool preserve_contents) {
         std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
-        auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
+        auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty;
-        if (!maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer]) {
+        if (!dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer]) {
             return depth_buffer.view;
         }
-        maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer] = false;
+        dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer] = false;
 
         const auto& regs{maxwell3d.regs};
         const auto gpu_addr{regs.zeta.Address()};
@@ -195,13 +193,12 @@ public:
             SetEmptyDepthBuffer();
             return {};
         }
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             SetEmptyDepthBuffer();
             return {};
         }
-        const auto depth_params{SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(system)};
+        const auto depth_params{SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(maxwell3d)};
         auto surface_view = GetSurface(gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, depth_params, preserve_contents, true);
         if (depth_buffer.target)
             depth_buffer.target->MarkAsRenderTarget(false, NO_RT);
@@ -215,7 +212,6 @@ public:
     TView GetColorBufferSurface(std::size_t index, bool preserve_contents) {
         std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
         ASSERT(index < Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumRenderTargets);
-        auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
         if (!maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ColorBuffer0 + index]) {
             return render_targets[index].view;
         }
@@ -235,15 +231,14 @@ public:
             return {};
         }
 
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             SetEmptyColorBuffer(index);
             return {};
         }
 
         auto surface_view =
-            GetSurface(gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(system, index),
+            GetSurface(gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(maxwell3d, index),
                        preserve_contents, true);
         if (render_targets[index].target) {
             auto& surface = render_targets[index].target;
@@ -300,9 +295,8 @@ public:
         const GPUVAddr dst_gpu_addr = dst_config.Address();
         DeduceBestBlit(src_params, dst_params, src_gpu_addr, dst_gpu_addr);
 
-        const auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
+        const std::optional<VAddr> dst_cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(dst_gpu_addr);
-        const std::optional<VAddr> dst_cpu_addr = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(dst_gpu_addr);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> src_cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(src_gpu_addr);
-        const std::optional<VAddr> src_cpu_addr = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(src_gpu_addr);
         std::pair dst_surface = GetSurface(dst_gpu_addr, *dst_cpu_addr, dst_params, true, false);
         TView src_surface = GetSurface(src_gpu_addr, *src_cpu_addr, src_params, true, false).second;
         ImageBlit(src_surface, dst_surface.second, copy_config);
@@ -358,9 +352,11 @@ public:
     }
 
 protected:
-    explicit TextureCache(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+    explicit TextureCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
-                          bool is_astc_supported)
+                          Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_,
-        : system{system}, is_astc_supported{is_astc_supported}, rasterizer{rasterizer} {
+                          bool is_astc_supported_)
+        : is_astc_supported{is_astc_supported_}, rasterizer{rasterizer_}, maxwell3d{maxwell3d_},
+          gpu_memory{gpu_memory_} {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumRenderTargets; i++) {
             SetEmptyColorBuffer(i);
         }
@@ -395,7 +391,7 @@ protected:
     virtual void BufferCopy(TSurface& src_surface, TSurface& dst_surface) = 0;
 
     void ManageRenderTargetUnregister(TSurface& surface) {
-        auto& dirty = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty;
+        auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty;
         const u32 index = surface->GetRenderTarget();
         if (index == DEPTH_RT) {
             dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer] = true;
@@ -408,8 +404,7 @@ protected:
     void Register(TSurface surface) {
         const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = surface->GetGpuAddr();
         const std::size_t size = surface->GetSizeInBytes();
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             LOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Failed to register surface with unmapped gpu_address 0x{:016x}",
                          gpu_addr);
@@ -459,7 +454,6 @@ protected:
         return new_surface;
     }
 
-    Core::System& system;
     const bool is_astc_supported;
 
 private:
@@ -954,8 +948,7 @@ private:
      * @param params   The parameters on the candidate surface.
      **/
     Deduction DeduceSurface(const GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params) {
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
 
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             Deduction result{};
@@ -1112,7 +1105,7 @@ private:
 
     void LoadSurface(const TSurface& surface) {
         staging_cache.GetBuffer(0).resize(surface->GetHostSizeInBytes());
-        surface->LoadBuffer(system.GPU().MemoryManager(), staging_cache);
+        surface->LoadBuffer(gpu_memory, staging_cache);
         surface->UploadTexture(staging_cache.GetBuffer(0));
         surface->MarkAsModified(false, Tick());
     }
@@ -1123,7 +1116,7 @@ private:
         }
         staging_cache.GetBuffer(0).resize(surface->GetHostSizeInBytes());
         surface->DownloadTexture(staging_cache.GetBuffer(0));
-        surface->FlushBuffer(system.GPU().MemoryManager(), staging_cache);
+        surface->FlushBuffer(gpu_memory, staging_cache);
         surface->MarkAsModified(false, Tick());
     }
 
@@ -1253,6 +1246,8 @@ private:
     }
 
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
 
     FormatLookupTable format_lookup_table;
     FormatCompatibility format_compatibility;

src/video_core/video_core.cpp

@@ -21,14 +21,17 @@ namespace {
 std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> CreateRenderer(
     Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
     std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context) {
+    auto& telemetry_session = system.TelemetrySession();
+    auto& cpu_memory = system.Memory();
+
     switch (Settings::values.renderer_backend.GetValue()) {
     case Settings::RendererBackend::OpenGL:
-        return std::make_unique<OpenGL::RendererOpenGL>(system, emu_window, gpu,
+        return std::make_unique<OpenGL::RendererOpenGL>(telemetry_session, emu_window, cpu_memory,
-                                                        std::move(context));
+                                                        gpu, std::move(context));
 #ifdef HAS_VULKAN
     case Settings::RendererBackend::Vulkan:
-        return std::make_unique<Vulkan::RendererVulkan>(system, emu_window, gpu,
+        return std::make_unique<Vulkan::RendererVulkan>(telemetry_session, emu_window, cpu_memory,
-                                                        std::move(context));
+                                                        gpu, std::move(context));
 #endif
     default:
         return nullptr;

src/yuzu/bootmanager.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "common/scope_exit.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/frontend/framebuffer_layout.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
 #include "input_common/keyboard.h"
 #include "input_common/main.h"
@@ -63,7 +64,8 @@ void EmuThread::run() {
     emit LoadProgress(VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage::Prepare, 0, 0);
 
     system.Renderer().Rasterizer().LoadDiskResources(
-        stop_run, [this](VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage stage, std::size_t value, std::size_t total) {
+        system.CurrentProcess()->GetTitleID(), stop_run,
+        [this](VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage stage, std::size_t value, std::size_t total) {
             emit LoadProgress(stage, value, total);
         });
 

src/yuzu_cmd/yuzu.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "core/file_sys/registered_cache.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_real.h"
 #include "core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.h"
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
@@ -235,7 +236,9 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     // Core is loaded, start the GPU (makes the GPU contexts current to this thread)
     system.GPU().Start();
 
-    system.Renderer().Rasterizer().LoadDiskResources();
+    system.Renderer().Rasterizer().LoadDiskResources(
+        system.CurrentProcess()->GetTitleID(), false,
+        [](VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage, size_t value, size_t total) {});
 
     std::thread render_thread([&emu_window] { emu_window->Present(); });
     system.Run();

src/yuzu_tester/yuzu.cpp

@@ -255,7 +255,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
                                        "SDLHideTester");
 
     system.GPU().Start();
-    system.Renderer().Rasterizer().LoadDiskResources();
 
     system.Run();
     while (!finished) {